Friday, May 31, 2019

Essay --

Dylan KippolaAMH2010Feb, 2014Kinston HangingsIn the early hours of February 2, 1864, fifty-three North Carolina men were captured by Confederate forces under the command of Major General Pickett. Within quad months of their capture, most would be dead. Most would fall victim to the diseases acquired in Southern P.O.W camps in Richmond, Virginia, and Andersonville, Georgia. However, twenty-two were publicly hanged in Kinston, North Carolina. The wives, neighbors, friends, and former brothers in arms in the Confederate army were forced to watch the executions. From the Confederacies point of view, the executed men were Union soldiers because they deserted. Once captured, they deserved to be treated as prisoners of war. President Abraham Lincoln mentioned this on July 31, 1863. He ordered retaliation on the enemy prisoners in the Norths possession. His response was to kill a Southern P.O.W for every P.O.W the Confederacy killed. The Confederates argued that the men were simply desert ers and therefore execution was a legitimate penalty for them. Desertion was most apparent in North Carolina. North Carolina was contradictory in both providing more soldiers to the Confederate army than any other submit and of having more deserters from the army than other states. Although North Carolinian disloyalty to the Confederacy was not any worse than other Southern states, it was more publicly pronounced. North Carolina was the last to run away and did so only after a statewide vote of the people. Because desertion was not a crime in the state, citizens who housed and protected deserters felt safe from leash for hiding them. It was said that the deserters could band together and defy the officers of the law who came after them because of t... ...e placed over the heads of the condemned and they were hanged. Joining their other deserters. The thirteen remaining condemned men had four days to sit in the jails dungeon to think about their deaths that would take place on M onday, February 15th. Chaplain Paris described the scene in a letter that appeared shortly afterward in the North Carolina Presbyterian and the Wilmington Journal I made my first visit to them as chaplain on Sunday morning. The scene beggars all description. around of them were comparatively young men. But they made the fatal mistake. They had only twenty-four hours to live.... present was a wife to say farewell to a husband forever. Here a mother to take the last look at her ruined son, and then a sister who had come to embrace for the last time the brother who had brought disgrace upon the very name she bore by his treason to his country.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Politics and Religion in the Herbert’s Dune Novels Essay -- Dune

Politics and Religion in the Herberts sand dune Novels There are a variety of governmental and religious concepts throughout the Dune novels that varies so much through the novels which makes it a complex and cogitative science fiction series. The Dune novels are popular with many fans and partly this is due because of its political and religious structures. This essay will be focussing primarily on the initiatory four Dune novels written by Frank Herbert. In the first novel, the Qizarate is composed of missionaries and is a religious body that carries Muaddibs religion across the universe (Herbert Dune Messiah 8). Muaddib is a character in three of the Dune novels and before was named Paul Atreides who was heir to the Atreides throne of great power. After living on a planet called Arrakis also known as Dune, the Fremen renamed him Muaddib after they accepted him into their society. The Fremen are autochthonic people that had lived on Arrakis for a long time but were never political or religious leaders of the planet as they were mostly obscure from off world influence. The Qizarate maintains restraint of the planets it occupies with Muaddibs religion. The population of the universe see Muaddib as their god whether they like it or not and they can not deny his power religiously. Korba, the person in charge of the Qizarate in Dune Messiah, works with Muaddib about Muaddibs religion and is a panegyrist who delivers eulogies and praise for his god (Herbert Dune Messiah 8, 57). Korba seems to be fanatically involved with this religion. Korba goes far enough to attempt to create a martyr of Muaddib, all for the sake of his religion (Herbert Dune Messiah 9). The Bene Gesserit wanted to control the religion of the univers... ...l structure struggles with internal and external forces. The Dune series is popular because it requires the reader to think, and there is more to that than just a story. Works Cited Herbert, Frank. Children of Dune. New York headliner Books, 1987. Herbert, Frank. Dune Messiah. New York Berkley, 1969. Herbert, Frank. God Emperor of Dune. New York Putnam, 1981. McLean, Susan. A Question of Balance Death and Immortality in Frank Herberts Dune Series. Death and the snake in the grass Immortality in Science Fiction and Fantasy. (1985) 145-152. OReilly, Timothy. Frank Herbert. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., Inc. 1981. Palumbo, Donald. The monomyth as fractal pattern in Frank Herberts Dune novels. Science Fiction Studies 25.3 (Nov. 1998) 433-58. Touponce, William F. Frank Herbert. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1988.

A Logical and Unemotional Justification of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

A Logical and Un steamy Justification of Capital Punishment Just as the Pied Piper of Hamlin was paid to break the rat population, the state prisons are being forced to perform a similar action with what is an overflow of vermin. Taking either a pro or an anti stance is not something to be done lightly. Most people decide which side they are to take based on purely emotional reasons. Those who support capital punishment do so based on a hatred of the crimes committed, and a fear of similar crimes happening to them. This is not the agency to reach a logical decision. Others abhor violence, and feel that dickens wrongs, namely murder and execution, do not make a right. (although in science, the language of logic, two negatives do make a positive.)Morality, fear, hatred, and ignorance often play a large part in important decisions, dooming society to enforce ridiculous laws, and leaving itself supersensitive to rotting from the inside, out. First and foremost, it is impo rtant to put our version of capital punishment in an accurate, historical context. Since that dawn of civilization, through the laws of Moses, and the laws of Hammurabi, what you did, was done to you. The advancement of civilization is peppered with this aforementioned(prenominal) prevalent idea of reciprocity. To argue against these historic beliefs is to argue against the growth and development inherent in history. If at anytime this law of reciprocation had been ignored, chaos would have been re-introduced into society, creating a premature, and quick, decadence. In comparison, our law of capital punishment is a cake-walk. We do not hack off your hand when we think you take an apple. We do not incinerate out your eyes when you lust after another mans wife. We do not cut your tongue out and feed it to the lions if you verbalize the name of God. We offer you a trial by your peers, in which you must be proven without a doubt to be guilty. Then, you are locked in a penitentiary, where you can easily be granted an appeal. You exist incarcerated usually for many years, until your appeals have been defeated, the proof against you has been confirmed, and your crimes against humanity are of such a heinous nature that you have condemned yourself to a painless, quick, and unaffixed death.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Flannery O Conner :: essays papers

Flannery O ConnerIf you try to get more from a source than what you seen on the page , usuallydepends on the writer and their ability to make you see, and of course your ownimagination. When the writers stories are so different and the characters are so clear,you sometimes think you know something about that writer and who they were. Peoplesay that a writer can be found in their words. However, some writers are good writersnot only because of their words and works. unrivaled writer that goes beyond words is awriter that we have recently read a story on. Flannery O Connor. The contradictions ofviolence and faith in her apologue distinguishes her among Southern writers and makeone wonder who she was and where she was from. O Connors life greatly influenced her work. Born in Savannah, Georgia, OConnor was educated at the Georgia read College for Women and the State Universityof Iowa (now called the University of Iowa). Most of her life was spent inMilledgeville, Georgia, where she raised peacocks and wrote. OConnors work , oftwo novels and two volumes of short stories, has been described as an unbelievable mixtureof southern Gothic , prophecy and evangelistic Roman Catholicism. In many of herstories she included rural settings from her homeland. For example Good CountryPeople takes nates in rural Georgia. Flannery used her swell-known writing styles ofgrotesque humor in the stories she wrote , including Good Country People. Unlikemost of the writers from the South Flannery probably would not have wanted to befound. She was rather quiet in her lifetime and enjoyed the solitude of her home inMilledgeville, Georgia. It seemed as if there were a give way of her that wanted to remain mysterious and unfound. After reading some of her fiction like Good Country Peopleyou can see the humorous spot she pokes at the world and herself. Her writing , oftendeep, dark and violent has a flip side it is also humorous. Flannery O Connor remainsa ruling fathom in liter ature today. Before her tragic death which claimed her younglife at the age of 39, she had written two novels and thirty-two short stories. as well as commentaries and reviews. She died from Lupus, the same disease which shortenedthe life of her father. O Connors work has not always been understood completelyand appreciated for her unique and powerful themes. Many critics did not like her firstnovel, Wise Blood , positively because of its seemingly strange themes and characters.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Caspian Basin and the Caspian Environment Programme Essay -- Natur

The Caspian Basin and the Caspian Environment course of studyThe Caspian Basin is a unique ecosystem, the largest inland body of water in the world and yet its importance in global politics is much more linked to its wealth of natural resources of oil and gas, rather than to any intrinsic environmental worth. This paper will test the policy process concerning a regional international regime, the Caspian Environment Programme (CEP). This organisation was initiated by major external donor actors, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Bank, yet intimately involves the five littoral states of the Caspian the four ex-republics of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan as well as the Islamic Republic of Iran. When considering the area of policy process analysis, it is essential to remember the complexity involved, but most importantly, that the various elements, wheth er the actors, institutions, or the instruments involved, are all influenced and shaped by how the process has developed before. It is this interaction of change, a product of policy feedback and learning, together with continuity, which informs the policy process. While the CEP is a new organisation (officially established from mid-1998), it is to a great extent influenced by the inputs of the aforementioned donor agencies, which are operating within institutional constraints and a contextual process. In addition, when analysing the efforts to safeguard the ecological and environmental aspects of the Caspian, there is the fuss of common pool resources, where there is every incentive to exploit the natural resource wealth, while taking little responsibil... ...g/unep/section2.htmUNDP http//www.caspianenvironment.org/undp.htmWorld Bank http//www.caspianenvironment.org/wb.htmSaiko, T. A. and Zonn, I. S. (1996). Europes First Desert. In Glantz, M. H. and Zonn, I. S. (eds.) Scientif ic, Environmental, and Political Issues in the Circum-Caspian Region. (pp.141-144) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.Sievers, E. W. (2001). The Caspian, Regional Seas, and the Case for a Cultural Study of Law. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 13, pp.361-.State Dept on-line sources http//usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/mena/caspdip.htm9Vinogradov, S. V. (1996). Toward Regional Cooperation in the Caspian A Legal Perspective. In Glantz, M. H. and Zonn, I. S. (eds.) Scientific, Environmental, and Political Issues in the Circum-Caspian Region. (pp.53-66) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.

The Caspian Basin and the Caspian Environment Programme Essay -- Natur

The Caspian Basin and the Caspian Environment course of studyThe Caspian Basin is a unmatched ecosystem, the largest inland body of water in the world and yet its importance in global politics is much more linked to its wealth of innate(p) resources of oil and gas, rather than to any intrinsic environmental worth. This paper will analyse the indemnity process concerning a regional international regime, the Caspian Environment Programme (CEP). This organisation was initiated by major external donor actors, including the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the World Bank, yet intimately involves the basketball team littoral states of the Caspian the four ex-republics of the Former Soviet Union (FSU) Russia, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan as well as the Islamic Republic of Iran. When considering the area of policy process analysis, it is essential to withdraw the complexity involved, but most importantly, that t he various elements, whether the actors, institutions, or the instruments involved, are all influenced and shaped by how the process has developed before. It is this interaction of change, a product of policy feedback and learning, together with continuity, which informs the policy process. While the CEP is a new organisation (officially established from mid-1998), it is heavily influenced by the inputs of the aforementioned donor agencies, which are operating within institutional constraints and a contextual process. In addition, when analysing the efforts to safeguard the ecological and environmental aspects of the Caspian, there is the problem of common pool resources, where there is every incentive to exploit the inhering resource wealth, while taking little responsibil... ...g/unep/section2.htmUNDP http//www.caspianenvironment.org/undp.htmWorld Bank http//www.caspianenvironment.org/wb.htmSaiko, T. A. and Zonn, I. S. (1996). Europes First Desert. In Glantz, M. H. and Zonn, I. S. (eds.) Scientific, Environmental, and Political Issues in the Circum-Caspian Region. (pp.141-144) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.Sievers, E. W. (2001). The Caspian, Regional Seas, and the fictional character for a Cultural Study of Law. Georgetown International Environmental Law Review, 13, pp.361-.State Dept on-line sources http//usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/mena/caspdip.htm9Vinogradov, S. V. (1996). Toward Regional Cooperation in the Caspian A Legal Perspective. In Glantz, M. H. and Zonn, I. S. (eds.) Scientific, Environmental, and Political Issues in the Circum-Caspian Region. (pp.53-66) Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Food production Essay

There are staggering numbers of people all over the world who experience hunger. umteen people believe that hunger is caused by the insufficient supply of provender. More importantly, it is assumed that due to the large tribe of the world, an inadequate amount of forage is produced. However, this is a completely false assumption for as Robbins said, There is enough food in the world to feed 120 percent of the worlds world on a vegetarian diet. (Robbins, p. 178) This fact then brings about the question, if on that point is enough food, then why do so m some(prenominal) people go starved?The answer lies in the economics of food production. Food is now a capitalist commodity. Therefore, the production of food must be seen as the production of any other market commodity. Food production is non driven by global need, it is driven by market use up. As Robbins mentioned, Food production is non determined necessarily by the global need for food it is determined by the market for f ood. (Robbins, p. 186) Looking at food production from this perspective pull up stakes reveal the factors that affect the production of food.The market for food refers to the number of people that have the means to buy and pay for food. However, since a large segment of the population lives in poverty, there are very few people who can afford food. Since it is demand that determines the amount of food to be produced, the lower demand translates to lesser food production. Producers do not want to produce at a maximum level because it will mean an over-production. This will result to lower prices and in the end lower productivity.Another factor that affects food production is the fact that farmers tend to use land to produce non food crops such as tobacco and clavus as well as for crops that are marginally nutritious. (Robbins, p 186) The choice of what crops to plant relies on what the market demands. For instance, farmers tend to prioritize planting coffee for there is a large global demand for this. Coffee produced in agricultural countries in Africa is not necessarily for local consumption it is produced because the more affluent nations demand it.Farmers consider the profitability of producing certain crops and coffee production is considered to be more profitable than vegetable production. Another example is soy bean. Soy bean is not as nutritious as vegetables. However, since there is a market for this crop in the more developed countries, farmers tend to plant this rather than vegetables. A more concrete and evident example of how market demand drives food production is the production of beef. Robbins discussed why Mexican farmers tend to concentrate on beef production. citizenry in Mexico go hungry because land is devoted to the production of beef, which few Mexicans can afford, but which brings high prices in the United States. (Robbins, p. 186) The rationale behind this is that food production is driven by the demands of the markets that have t he money to buy food. There is no question that there is enough food to feed the world. Hunger cannot be attributed to the inadequate amount of food. Hunger is a result of an economic problem. Lack of food on the plate is a result of the lack of money to buy food. Food production is no longer determined by the need for it by everyone.It is driven by what people who have the means to buy food demand and want. Food has become a commodity rather than a necessity. The solution of the problem of hunger lies not in production but in dissemination. As Robbins (p. 187) said, Rather than seeing hunger or famine as a failure of production, we can focus on a failure of distribution The goal is simply to establish, reestablish, or protect entitlements, the legitimate claim to food. Reference Robbins, R. (2007). Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism. 4th ed. Boston, MA Allyn and Bacon. pp 177-187.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Customize Mobile Services (CMS) †Creating and Personalizing your Plans

In a world where technology plays a vital role, mobile phone becomes not just a luxury exclusively more of a necessity. More than calls and messages, we are about thoughts, feelings, ideas in all shapes and sizes, more than just building your descent we are about creating your future. Our goal is to transform and enrich lives through communications by way of our dream of making great things possible. The idea of choosing the best plans that will suit to your needs and budget is as easy as snap of a finger. (1) What are the types of services that you offer?CMS offers services but we sell solutions. We are a solution provider. You can every choose between business package and consumer plans. To give you an example, for business plan we ready Executive Post Paid, allows you to run the business wherever you maybe. On fall out of the unlimited calls, you will be equipped with the services such as free text messaging, unlimited internet surfing and d testifyloads that will make your b usiness on the go. For consumer, we will let you decide on the bucket of minutes that you think you consume on monthly basis.From lowest to highest to unlimited calling and move messages, you can customize it. (2) Is there every add ons? Yes, personalize your mobile phone. Put anything you need on it. Sending pictures, surfing the net, money transfer, voice command, online chatting, dour distance call and down load games and ring tones. (3) What if I want to invalidate my add ons, is that possible? How can I do that? We have a test drive period of 30 days, for you to be able to check and know the services that will be beneficial for you.If you dont need, cancel it. (4) Is there a contract? We are looking forward in building a harmonious relationship with our subscribers, thus, we do not bind you to any terms however we guarantee a long time commitment in all we do. There will be no contract and no obligations however if there is one thing we are capable of giving, it is the quali ty of having us as your provider. (5) Another providers allow me to exceed my limit, I sometimes do not control myself in using my phone, is there any way you can help me with that?Positively yes, aside from the fact that you can choose your own plans, you will also receive a weekly reminder through SMS the current status of your plan, our operator will call you if you are near in exceeding your limits in this way you will be able to know where you stand and you have the option to stop all the services and have it tot up on your next billing cycle to avoid paying extra charges. (6) I am a businessman and I dont have time to fall in line just to pay my bills, what are my bastardlys to pay it?You can either pay through your credit government note online or you can call our toll free number to enroll you in automatic billing debited. (7) Whats in it for me? CMS gives you the worth of your money, we let you get attached to your family members, friends and loved ones without getting over charged. We provide nothing but the best when it comes to mobile technology. Being hip, trendy and in fashion doesnt always mean costing too much. In fact CMS (Customize Mobile Services) delivers in to you in a complete package wrap in an amazing OPTIONS and CHOICES.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Software Development Life Cycle

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT purport CYCLE SUMMARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE is basically a framework which describes the activities performed at each stage of a software training Project. These activities involve stages like the requirements, flesh, implementation, testing, installation and maintenance. In the teaching technology industry, SDLC plays a big role. No software development process will ever be completed efficiently and also meeting the calculate client requirements without SDLC. This is because SDLC involves a structural framework which describes the phases involved in information establishment development.SDLC in management is an important factor which needs to be interpreted into consideration if you want a software development project to be resounding success. The phases of SDLC can vary somewhat but chiefly include the avocation Conceptualization Requirements and cost/benefits analysis Detailed particularizedation of the software requirements Software design Programming Testing User and technical training and Maintenance The following are some basic popular models that are adopted by many software development firms System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) molding Prototyping beat Rapid Application Development Model Component Assembly ModelAs part of my research project I would be perusal the core principles of SDLC. I would also perform research on available SDLC models in the information technology industry. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model This is also known as Classic Life Cycle Model (or) Linear Sequential Model (or) Waterfall Method. This model has the following. Most software teams save use a waterfall process for development projects. Taking an extreme waterfall approach means that you complete a number of phases in a strictly ordered sequence requirements analysis, design, implementation/integration, and then testingg activities. 1.System/Information Engineering and Modeling As software is always of a large system (or business), work begins by establishing the requirements for all system elements and then allocating some subset of these requirements to software. This system view is essential when the software must interface with other elements such as hardware, people and other resources. System is the basic and very critical requirement for the existence of software in any entity. So if the system is not in place, the system should be engineered and put in place. In some cases, to extract the maximum output, the system should be re-engineered and spruced up.Once the ideal system is engineered or tuned, the development team studies the software requirement for the system. 2. Software Requirement Analysis This process is also known as feasibility study. In this phase, the development team visits the guest and studies their system. They investigate the need for possible software automation in the given system. By the end of the feasibility study, the team furnishes a document that holds the diffe rent specific recommendations for the candidate system. It also includes the personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, target dates etc.The requirement gathering process is intensified and focussed specially on software. To understand the nature of the program(s) to be built, the system engineer or Analyst must understand the information domain for the software, as well as required function, behavior, performance and interfacing. The essential decision of this phase is to find the need and to define the problem that needs to be solved . 3. System Analysis and Design In this phase, the software development process, the softwares overall structure and its nuances are delimitate.In terms of the client/server technology, the number of tiers needed for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc are all defined in this phase. A software development model is thus created. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole development cycle. any(pr enominal) glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this phase. 4. Code Generation The design must be translated into a machine-readable form. The code generation step performs this task.If the design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished without often complication. Programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc are used to generate the code. unlike high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen. 5. Testing active software development refers to a group of software development methodologies based on iterative development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing cross-functional teams.Agile methods generally promote a discipli ned project management process that encourages frequent inspection and adaptation, a leadership philosophy that encourages teamwork, self-organization and accountability, a set of engineering science best practices intended to allow for rapid delivery of high-quality software, and a business approach that aligns development with customer needs and company goals. Agile methods have much in common with the Rapid Application Development techniqu

Friday, May 24, 2019

Minister’s Black Veil: The Harbored Sin

Reverend Mr. Hooper approached the meeting house Sunday morning to preach his sermon as he did every Sunday, but on this day, he wears a velum that norm wholey signifies mourning. The veil represents the good ministers guilty conscience that masks a secret sin he harbors in his soul. From Hoopers first sermon with the veil, the congregation recognizes the darkness he befogs with the crape. The sermon makes reference to secret sin, and those sad mysteries we hide from our nearest and dearest, possibly Hoopers.Later, the minister attends a funeral where the towns people feel the minister and the maidens spirit were wailing hand and hand. In this scene, the inner death of the Reverends soul gives him a connection with the deceased. The guilt seizes the minister at the wedding he performs for the handsomest couple in Milford. He catches a look at himself in a mirror and the black veil involved his own spirit in the horror with which it overwhelmed all others. apparently his guilt o verwhelms him at this happy occasion. The sin he harbors in his soul also changes him and separates him from society.At first, Old Squire Sanders does not invite the minister to breakfast. As he continues to wear the veil, the gentle and timid would turn aside to avoid himthe children fled from his approach. Even his fiance leaves him because he cannot clear his clouded conscience. Mr. Hooper explains to Elizabeth, I hide my impudence for sorrow. . . I cover it for secret sin. That sin keeps him from happiness with Elizabeth. The reverend does connect, however, with other sinners. He uses the veil for one desirable effect. The veils gloom, indeed, enabled him to sympathize with all dark affections. Converts felt they had been with him behind the black veil, signifying they share that secret sin Hooper hides. The Reverends soul hath a patient weariness until that veil be lifted, and the secret sin weighs on the minsters soul. His soul must go to heaven in order to be saved. Unfor tunately, on this earth his soul suffers. sequence he remains human, his soul will bear the burden of sin. Not until God takes his soul can his body finally be cleansed from his impurities. Mr. Hooper wears the black veil to demonstrate to others the guilt he feel being a sinner.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Computational Efficiency of Polar

Lecture Notes on Monte Carlo Methods Fall Semester, 2005 Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, NYU Jonathan Goodman, emailprotected nyu. edu Chapter 2 Simple Sampling of Gaussians. created August 26, 2005 Generating univariate or variable Gaussian hit-or-miss variables is simple and fast. There should be no reason ever to occasion approximate method actings based, for example, on the Central limit theorem. 1 thump Muller It would be nice to get a exemplification familiar from a standard uniform by inverting the distribution function, but there is no closed form prescript for this distribution 2 x unction N (x) = P (X x) = v1 ? e? x /2 dx . The Box Muller method is a 2 brilliant conjuration to overcome this by producing two unconditional standard normals from two independent uniforms. It is based on the familiar trick for calculating ? 2 e? x I= /2 dx . This spatenot be calculated by integration the inde? nite integral does not admit an algebraic facet in terms o f elementary functions (exponentials, logs, trig functions). However, ? 2 e? x I2 = ? /2 e? y dx 2 ? /2 ? 2 e? (x dy = +y 2 )/2 dxdy . The last integral arsehole be calculated using polar coordinates x = r cos(? ), y = r sin(? with champaign element dxdy = rdrd? , so that 2? I2 = r = 0? e? r 2 /2 rdrd? = 2? r = 0? e? r 2 /2 rdr . ? =0 Unlike the original x integral, this r integral is elementary. The substitution s = r2 /2 suffers ds = rdr and ? e? s ds = 2? . I 2 = 2? s=0 The Box Muller algorithm is a probabilistic interpretation of this trick. If (X, Y ) is a pair of independent standard normals, then the probability density is a product 2 2 1 1 ? (x2 +y2 )/2 1 e . f (x, y ) = v e? x /2 v e? y /2 = 2? 2? 2? 1 Since this density is radially symmetric, it is cancel to consider the polar coordinate random variables (R, ? de? ned by 0 ? ? 2? and X = R cos(? ), and Y = R sin(? ). Clearly ? is uniformly distributed in the separation 0, 2? and whitethorn be consumed using ? = 2? U1 . Unlike the original distribution function N (x), there is a simple expression for the R distribution function 2? r G(R) = P (R ? r) = r =0 ?=0 r 1 ? r 2 /2 e rdrd? = 2? e? r 2 /2 rdr . r =0 The same change of variable r 2 /2 = s, r dr = ds (so that r = r when s = r2 /2) discontinues us to calculate r 2 /2 e? s dx = 1 ? e? r G(r) = 2 /2 . s=0 Therefore, we whitethorn sample R by solving the distribution function equation1 G(R) = 1 ? e? R 2 /2 = 1 ?U2 , whose termination is R = ? 2 ln(U2 ). Altogether, the Box Muller method takes independent standard uniform random variables U1 and U2 and produces independent standard normals X and Y using the verbal expressions ? = 2? U1 , R = ?2 ln(U2 ) , X = R cos(? ) , Y = R sin(? ) . (1) It may seem odd that X and Y in (13) are independent disposed(p) that they use the same R and ?. Not only does our algebra shows that this is true, but we can test the independence computationally, and it will be con? rmed. Part of this method was ge nerating a point at random on the building block circle. We suggested doing this by choosing ? niformly in the interval 0, 2? then taking the point on the circle to be (cos(? ), sin(? )). This has the possible drawback that the computer must evaluate the sine and cosine functions. Another way to do this2 is to choose a point uniformly in the 2 ? 2 square ? 1 ? x ? 1, 1 ? y ? 1 then rejecting it if it falls outside the unit circle. The ? rst accepted point will be uniformly distributed in the unit disk x2 + y 2 ? 1, so its angle will be random and uniformly distributed. The ? nal step is to get a point on the unit circle x2 + y 2 = 1 by dividing by the length.The methods have equal accuracy (both are exact in exact arithmetic). What distinguishes them is computer performance (a topic discussed more in a later lecture, hopefully). The rejection method, with an acceptance probability ? ? 4 78%, seems e? cient, but rejection can break the instruction pipeline and slow a computation by a factor of ten. Also, the square root needed to compute 1 draw that 1 ? U2 is a standard uniform if U2 is. for example, in the dubious book Numerical Recipies. 2 Suggested, 2 the length may not be quicker to evaluate than sine and cosine.Moreover, the rejection method uses two uniforms while the ? method uses just one. The method can be reversed to solve another sampling problem, generating a random point on the unit spnere in Rn . If we generate n independent standard normals, then the vector X = (X1 , . . . , Xn ) has all angles every bit n likely (because the probability density is f (x) = v1 ? exp(? (x2 + +x2 )/2), n 1 2 which is radially symmetric. Therefore X/ X is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere, as desired. 1. 1 Other methods for univariate normals The Box Muller method is elegant and reasonably fast and is ? ne for casual omputations, but it may not be the trounce method for hard core users. M all software packages have native standard normal random number gen erators, which (if they are any good) use expertly optimized methods. There is very fast and accurate software on the web for directly inverting the normal distribution function N (x). This is particularly almost-valuable for quasi Monte Carlo, which substitutes equidistributed sequences for random sequences (see a later lecture). 2 Multivariate normals An n function multivariate normal, X , is characterized by its mean = E X and its co unevenness ground substance C = E (X ? )(X ? )t .We discuss the problem of generating such an X with mean zero, since we achieve mean by adding to a mean zero multivariate normal. The bring out to generating such an X is the fact that if Y is an m component mean zero multivariate normal with covariance D and X = AY , then X is a mean zero multivariate normal with covariance t C = E X X t = E AY (AY ) = AE Y Y t At = ADAt . We know how to sample the n component multivariate normal with D = I , just take the components of Y to be independent u nivariate standard normals. The formula X = AY will produce the desired covariance intercellular substance if we ? nd A with AAt = C .A simple way to do this in practice is to use the Choleski decomposition from numerical linear algebra. This is a simple algorithm that produces a lower triangular matrix, L, so that LLt = C . It works for any positive de? nite C . In physical applications it is common that one has not C but its inverse, H . This would happen, for example, if X had the Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution with kT = 1 (its easy to change this) and energy 1 X t HX , and probability 2 1 density Z exp(? 1 X t HX ). In large scale physical problems it may be impracti2 cal to calculate and store the covariance matrix C = H ? though the Choleski factorization H = LLt is available. Note that3 H ? 1 = L? t L? 1 , so the choice 3 It is traditional to write L? t for the transpose of L? 1 , which overly is the inverse of Lt . 3 A = L? t works. Computing X = L? t Y is the same as solvin g for X in the equation Y = Lt X , which is the process of back substitution in numerical linear algebra. In some applications one knows the eigenvectors of C (which also are the eigenvectors of H ), and the corresponding eigenvalue. These (either the eigenvectors or the eigenvectors and eigenvalues) sometimes are called principal com2 ponents.Let qj be the eigenvectors, normalized to be orthonormal, and ? j the corresponding eigenvalues of C , so that 2 Cqj = ? j qj , t qj qk = ? jk . t Denote the qj component of X by Zj = qj X . This is a linear function of X and t therefore Gaussian with mean zero. Its variance (note Zj = Zj = X t qj ) is 2 t t t 2 E Zj = E Zj Zj = qj E XX t qj = qj Cqj = ? j . A similar calculation shows that Zj and Zk are uncorrelated and hence (as components of a multivariate normal) independent. Therefore, we can generate Yj as independent standard normals and sample the Zj using Zj = ? j Yj . (2) After that, we can get an X using Zj qj . X= (3) j =1 We re state this in matrix terms. Let Q be the orthogonal matrix whose columns are the orthonormal eigenvectors of C , and let ? 2 be the diagonal ma2 trix with ? j in the (j, j ) diagonal position. The eigenvalue/eigenvector relations are CQ = Q? 2 , Qt Q = I = QQt . (4) The multivariate normal vector Z = Qt X then has covariance matrix E ZZ t = E Qt XX t Q = Qt CQ = ? 2 . This says that the Zj , the components of Z , are 2 independent univariate normals with variances ? j . Therefore, we may sample Z by choosing its components by (14) and then reconstruct X by X = QZ , which s the same as (15). Alternatively, we can calculate, using (17) that t C = Q? 2 Qt = Q Qt = (Q? ) (Q? ) . Therefore A = Q? satis? es AAt = C and X = AY = Q? Y = QZ has covariance C if the components of Y are independent standard univariate normals or 2 the components of Z are independent univariate normals with variance ? j . 3 Brownian motion examples We illustrate these ideas for various kids of Brownian motion. Let X (t) be a Brownian motion avenue. Choose a ? nal time t and a time step ? t = T /n. The 4 musing times will be tj = j ? t and the observations (or observation values) will be Xj = X (tj ).These observations may be assembled into a vector X = (X1 , . . . , Xn )t . We look to to generate sample observation vectors (or observation lines). How we do this depends on the boundary conditions. The simplest case is standard Brownian motion. Specifying X (0) = 0 is a Dirichlet boundary condition at t = 0. Saying nothing about X (T ) is a free (or Neumann) condition at t = T . The joint probability density for the observation vector, f (x) = f (x1 , . . . , xn ), is found by multiplying the conditional densities. inclined Xk = X (tk ), the next observation Xk+1 = X (tk + ? ) is Gaussian with mean Xk and variance ? t, so its conditional density is v 2 1 e? (xk+1 ? Xk ) /2? t . 2? ?t Multiply these together and use X0 = 0 and you ? nd (with the convention x0 = 0) f (x1 , . . . , xn ) = 3. 1 1 2? ?t n/2 exp ?1 2 ? Deltat n? 1 (xk+1 ? xk )2 . (5) k=0 The random walkway method The simplest and possibly best way to generate a sample observation path, X , comes from the derivation of (1). First generate X1 = X (? t) as a mean zero v univariate normal with mean zero and variance ? t, i. e. X1 = ? tY1 . Given X1 , X2 is a univariate normal with mean X1 and variance ? , so we may v take X2 = X1 + ? tY2 , and so on. This is the random walk method. If you just want to make standard Brownian motion paths, stop here. We push on for pedigogical purposes and to develop strategies that apply to other types of Brownian motion. We describe the random walk method in terms of the matrices above, starting by identifying the matrices C and H . Examining (1) leads to ? 2 ? 1 0 ? ? ? 1 2 ? 1 0 ? ? .. .. .. . . . 1 ? 0 ? 1 ? H= ?. .. ?t ? . . 2 ? 1 ?. ? .. ? . ? 1 2 0 0 ? 1 ? 0 .? .? .? ? ? ? ? 0? ? ? ?1 ? 1 This is a tridiagonal matrix with pattern ? 1, 2, ? except at the pot righ t corner. One can calculate the covariances Cjk from the random walk representation v Xk = ? t (Y1 + + Yk ) . 5 Since the Yj are independent, we have Ckk = var(Xk ) = ? t k var(Yj ) = tk , and, supposing j k , Cjk = E Xj Xk = ? tE ((Y1 + + Yj ) + (Yj +1 + + Yk )) (Y1 + + Yj ) = 2 ?tE (Y1 + + Yj ) = tj . These combine into the familiar formula Cjk = cov(X (tj ), X (tk )) = min(tj , tk ) . This is the same as saying that the ? 1 ?1 ? ?. ?. C = ? t ? . ? ? ? 1 matrix C is 1 2 2 2 . . . 3 . . . 2 3 ? 1 2? ? ? 3? .? .? .? .. . (6) The random walk method for generating X may be expresses as ? ? ? Y ? X1 1 1 0 01 ? ? ? ?1 1 0 0 ? ? . ? ?.? ?.? v? ? . ? ?.? 1 0 . . ? . .? ? . ? = ? t ? 1 1 ? ? ? ? ?. . .. ? ? ? ?. . . .. ? ? ? ? 11 1 1 Yn Xn Thus, X = AY with ? ? 1 0 01 ?1 1 0 0 ? ? ? v? .? .? . ?1 1 1 0 .? A = ? t ? ?. . ? .. .. ?. . ? . 11 1 1 (7) The reader should do the matrix multiplication to check that indeed C = AAt for (6) and (7). Notice that H is a sparse matrix indicating miserable range interactions while C is full indicating long range correlations.This is true of in great number of physical applications, though it is rare to have an perspicuous formula for C . 6 We also can calculate the Choleski factorization of H . The reader can convince herself or himself that the Choleski factor, L, is bidiagonal, with nonzeros only on or immediately below the diagonal. However, the formulas are simpler if we reverse the order of the coordinates. Therefore we de? ne the coordinate reversed observation vector t X = (Xn , xn? 1 , . . . , Xn ) and whose covariance matrix is ? tn ? tn? 1 ? C=? . ?. . t1 tn? 1 tn? 1 t1 t1 .. . ? ? ? , ? t1 and energy matrix ? 1 ? 1 0 ? 0 .? .? .? ? ? ?. ? 0? ? ? ?1 ? 2 ? ? ? 1 2 ? 1 0 ? ? .. .. .. . . . 1 ? 0 ? 1 ? H= .. ?t ? . . ?. . 2 ? 1 ? ? .. ? . ? 1 2 0 0 ? 1 We seek the Choleski factorization H = LLt ? l1 0 ? m2 l2 1? L= v ? m3 ?t ? 0 ? . .. . . . with bidiagonal ? ? 0 ? ?. .. ? . ? .. . Multiplying out H = LLt leads to equations that successively determine the lk and mk 2 l1 l 1 m2 2 2 l1 + l 2 l 2 m3 = 1 =? l1 = 1 , = ? 1 =? m2 = ? 1 , = 2 =? l2 = 1 , = 1 =? m3 = ? 1 , etc. , The result is H = LLt with L simply ? 1 0 ? ? 1 10 1? .. L= v ? . ?t ? ? 1 ? . .. .. . . . . 7 ? ? ? ?. ? ? The sampling algorithm using this Y = Lt X ? ? ? 1 Yn ? Yn? 1 ? ? ? ? ?0 ? ? 1? ? ? ? ? . ?= v ? ?.? ?t ? ?.? ?. ? ? ?. . Y1 0 information is to ? nd X from Y by solving ?1 0 1 .. . ?1 .. . .. . 0 0 Xn . ? ? Xn? 1 . . . 0 . . ?1 X1 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Solving from the bottom up (back substitution), we have Y1 = Y2 = v 1 v X1 =? X1 = ? tY1 , ?t v 1 v (X2 ? X1 ) =? X2 = X1 + ? tY2 , etc. ?t This whole process turns out to give the same random walk sampling method. Had we not gone to the time reversed (X , etc. variables, we could have calculated the bidiagonal Choleski factor L numerically. This works for any problem with a tridiagonal energy matrix H and has a name in t he control theory/estimation literature that escapes me. In particular, it will allow to ? nd sample Brownian motion paths with other boundary conditions. 3. 2 The Brownian bridge construction The Brownian bridge construction is useful in the mathematical theory of Brownian motion. It also is the basis for the success of quasi Monte Carlo methods in ? nance. Suppose n is a power of 2 n = 2L . We will construct the observation path X through a sequence of L re? ements. First, notice that Xn is a univariate normal with mean zero and variance T , so we may take (with Yk,l being independent standard normals) v Xn = T Y1,1 . Given the value of Xn , the midoint observation, Xn/2 , is a univariate normal4 with mean 1 Xn and variance T /4, so we may take 2 Xn 2 v 1 T = Xn + Y2,1 . 2 2 At the ? rst level, we chose the endpoint value for X . We could draw a ? rst level path by connenting Xn to zero with a straight line. At the second level, or ? rst re? nement, we created a midpoint value. Th e second level path could be piecewise linear, connecting 0 to X n to Xn . 4 We assign this and related claims below as exercises for the student. 8 The second re? nement level creates values for the nates points. Given n X n , X n is a normal with mean 1 X n and variance 1 T . Similarly, X 34 is a 2 42 2 4 2 1 1T normal with mean 2 (X n + Xn ) and variance 4 2 . Therefore, we may take 2 Xn = 4 1 1 Xn + 22 2 T Y3,1 2 and n X 34 = 1 1 (X n + Xn ) + 2 2 2 T Y3,2 . 2 1 The level three path would be piecewise linear with breakpoints at 1 , 2 , and 3 . 4 4 Note that in each case we add a mean zero normal of the appropriate variance to the linear interpolation value.In the general step, we go from the level k ? 1 path to the level k paths by creating values for the midpoints of the level k ? 1 intervals. The level k observations are X j . The values with even j are known from the previous 2k? 1 level, so we need values for odd j . That is, we want to interpolate between the j = 2m value and the j = 2m + 2 value and add a mean zero normal of the appropriate variance X (2m+1)n = 2k? 1 1 2 mn X 2k? 1 + X (2m+2)n 2 2k? 1 + 1 2(k? 2)/2 T Ym,k . 2 The reader should check that the vector of standard normals Y = (Y1,1 , Y2,1 , Y3,1 , Y3,2 , . . . t indeed has n = 2L components. The value of this method for quasi Monte Carlo comes from the fact that the most important values that determine the large scale structure of X are the ? rst components of Y . As we will see, the components of the Y vectors of quasi Monte Carlo have uneven quality, with the ? rst components being the best. 3. 3 Principle components The principle component eigenvalues and eigenvectors for many types of Brownian motion are known in closed form. In many of these cases, the degenerate Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm leads to a reasonably fast sampling method.These FFT based methods are slower than random walk or Brownian bridge sampling for standard random walk, but they sometimes are the most e? cie nt for fractional Brownian motion. They may be better than Brownian bridge sampling with quasi Monte Carlo (Im not sure about this). The eigenvectors of H are known5 to have components (qj,k is the k th component of eigenvector qj . ) qj,k = const sin(? j tk ) . 5 See e. g. Numerical Analysis by Eugene Isaacson and Herbert Keller. 9 (8) The n eigenvectors and eigenvalues then are determined by the allowed values of ? j , which, in turn, are determined throught the boundary conditions.We 2 2 can ? nd ? j in terms of ? j using the eigenvalue equation Hqj = ? j qj evaluated at any of the interior components 1 k n 1 2 ? sin(? j (tk ? ?t)) + 2 sin(? j tk ) ? sin(? j (tk + ? t)) = ? j sin(? j tk ) . ?t Doing the math shown that the eigenvalue equation is satis? ed and that 2 ?j = 2 1 ? cos(? j ? t) . ?t (9) The eigenvalue equation also is satis? ed at k = 1 because the form (8) automatically satis? es the boundary condition qj,0 = 0. This is why we utilise the sine and not the cosine. Only special values ? j give qj,k that satisfy the eigenvalue equation at the right boundary point k = n. 10

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Factors Affecting Health Essay

Define the following key monetary value Ageing tribe Youthful community Dependency ratio www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYouthful world a population with a very high up proportion of young slew under the age of 15 kris along hereDependency Ratio the ratio between economically and noneconomically active population normally expressed as a % www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYr 10 PopulationSt Ivo shoal geography section GCSE REVISIONWhat is meant by the term dependent population?Yr 10 Populationwww.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comFold along hereThe people who are not operative and are therefore dependent on the economically active population (ages 0-14 and 65+)www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISIONDefine the term sister Mortality.The number of infants dying before the age of 1 per 1000 live births per year Fold along hereYr 10 Populationwww.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comwww.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Population Distribution how a population is spread out over an area Population Density the number of people living in a given area 2 (people per km ) Fold along hereDefine the following key terms Population Distribution Population Density Population Explosion www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comPopulation Explosion a very rapid increase in population www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYr 10 PopulationSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISIONWhat does DTM stand for and what is it used to utter?DTM stands for The Demographic Transition Model this is a model deputeing population change over time in relation to changing birth and death rates and the consequent change in overall population Fold along hereYr 10 Populationwww.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comwww.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Natural Decrease the fall in population caused by deaths exceeding births. Natural Increase the rise in population caused by births exceeding d eaths Fold along hereDefine the following key terms Natural Decrease Natural Increase Depopulation www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comDepopulation a decline in the numbers of people living in an area due to out-migration or changes in birth and death rates. www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYr 10 PopulationSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION Population Growth Rate the increase in population over a year normally expressed as a % Population Structure the age and sex composition of a population Fold along hereDefine the following key terms Population Growth Rate Population Structure Population profits www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comPopulation Pyramid a diagram used to show the age and sex of a population (also known as age-sex pyramids) www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYr 10 PopulationSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISIONName the following case studies A case study to show the consequences of an ageing population A case study to show the consequences of a yo uthful population A comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comA case study to show the consequences of an ageing population UK tocopherol Devon (Torbay) A case study to show the consequences of a youthful population The Gambia (Africa) Fold along hereA comparison of population structures between a LIC, MIC and HIC Philippines, Brazil & Germany www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comYr 10 PopulationSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISIONName the following case studies A case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate An example of a densely populated area of the UK A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.com Fold along hereYr 10 PopulationA case study to show how a government has reduced the birth rate Chinas One child Policy An example of a densely populated area in the UK London and the South East A case study to show how a government has set out to increase the birth rate (pro-natalist policy) Singapores 3 or more Policy An example of a sparsely populated area of the UK Scottish Highlands www.geobytesgcse.wordpress.comSt Ivo School Geography Department GCSE REVISION The worlds population is unevenly distributed Some areas have a high population density eg, Asia / 2 Europe (75+people/km ) Other areas of the world have a low population density 2 e.g. Canada/Greenland and Russia (

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Website report

However, the sample code provided In the lecture notes is in C. Therefore, this mall task is divided into the adjacent sub-tasks air the SSP code to Java Implement missing timer related classes and functions The following sections will cover these three sub-tasks. Porting the code Minor changes were made in arrangement to change the syntax of the code to Java. As see_nor was not specified in the given files, it was replaced with into type. In the original code, to declare a frame named s, it used the following syntaxHowever, to create a frame object in Java, the code was modified accordingly. The same change was made to the following code The resulting code was shown below. The out_buff and consequence were not declared here because they were pre-set in the given code. In order to make the piece of code below work, credits were added as parameter. As a result, it was changed to NOR_BUFFS was the maximum buffer size (window size) that could be held to a malarkey redundant retransm ission. Therefore, It was put In as credit to Initialize the ne dickensrk layer with the same heel of buffers. Implementation of classes and functionsTwo timer related classes were Implemented for different timer purposes. D Peacetimes Peacetimes was to monitor and time how long had passed since a packet was transmitted. Cacciatore Cacciatore was to monitor the expiration of an acknowledgement timer. Both of them extended from the Timer Task class and overrode the run method to generate cacciatore_event. On the other hand, five functions were implemented to complete the protocol. Private void start_timer(into see) The start_timer started a timer function for each packet transmitted. If a packet timer already existed, it was cancelled.When the timer of a packet had expired (time_out), that packet would be required to resend. Private void stop_timer(see) The stop_timer was to cancel the timer of a packet when it was called. Private void start_jack_timer() The start_jack_timer was to set a timer for an acknowledgement. This was to ensure that the sender could welcome an acknowledgement within a reasonable time constraint. Originally, an acknowledgement should take advantage of piggybacking to travel to the sender. However, when there was no outgoing packet back to the sender, retransmission capacity take place. This caused redundant retransmission.Therefore, his timer was created. If it timed out, a separate acknowledgement would be sent to the sender to indicate the packet was received successfully. If there was already an acknowledgement timer, the current timer would be cancelled. Private void stop_jack_timer() The stop_jack_timer was to stop the acknowledgement timer if there already existed one. However, in order to get the timers work, two files were imported. Inc(mum) This Inc function simply incremented the input parameters value by 1 . As there implemented as (mum + 1) % (MAX_SEE + 1). This would ensure that the number would increment in a circular m anner.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Persuasive Writing: Bio Chip Technology Essay

AbstractThis paper focuses on the controversial vanquish of the adult male bio tick through science and engineering science. I do non discuss the Mark of the Beast look or any religious side to the topic. Some of the biochips initiatory uses atomic bet 18 explored before a possible future scenario is played go forth a some points of tinct ar addressed and hence you are introduced to professor Kevin Warwick. I then explain how the biochip is in use today mainly as an identification device and what some possible future uses may be, such as a witness of information. The paper concludes with a comparison of peoples feelings concerning new technology through time.Keywords biochip, prof Kevin WarwickA great more things are considered controversial the death penalty, animal testing, adoption, abortion, genetic engineering, and cloning are only a few of the umteen subjects out there that people argue nigh. The biochip is an ever growing contest that is taking legion(predi cate) scientific and technological leaps. Though the biochip has proven beneficial in helping scientists monitor protein levels and root out buttcerous cells in the human body, it has a different facet I will currently be focusing on as an identification and a potential information device.The first use for the biochip was supervise fisheries in the early 1980s it quickly moved to tagging pets, luggage, and monitoring mailed packages. Some chips are already in use in tikerens backpacks and are a feature on some cellular phones, which enables parents to know where their child is at any given point in time. But the real controversy on this topic comes in with peoples concern about Big Brother. There are many misconceptions made about the biochip some people may think that if they go for one they can be launch anywhere on the globe by satellite, everything about them can be found out in seconds, and that they will be controlled by the chip somehow.These statements are all untrue. The chip is so small it is only able to contain one alpha numeric series of digits to identify the holder of the chip it doesnt carry your name, your pin number, what car you drive, your address or anything other than the identification number. It doesnt have enough power or range to be read or tracked by satellite. It can only be read by a scanner and only from a remoteness of two to twelve inches. And it in no way controls what people think or do this concern mainly comes from conspiracy theorists.Try to imagine, youre shopping with your kids in a large store and you fun your back for one second. The next thing you know, your youngest child is no longer with you. Through the gut pull panic you register the fact that there are hundreds of people around, and any one of them could have interpreted your child without so much as a pause in their step. Now imagine that as you entered the store, there were scanners set up at the entrance that scanned everyone as they passed. Knowing this, all you have to do is alert security about your childs absence and they will make sure your child is still in the store. What a relief knowing that your child can be found anywhere that has a scanner to read a biochip.This scenario is still a few decades in the future, but beholding the benefits of such technology is easy. However, some downsides need to be taken into consideration as well. Say you or your child were kidnapped, what would stop the kidnapper from removing the biochip themselves to keep you or your child from macrocosm found? To keep that from happening, the biochip would have to be inserted under general anesthesia just to keep the chip safe from removal. But this operation in itself is another concern many people dont agree with the thought of being tracked in the first place why would them being unconscious as the chip was fit(p) make them feel any better?Even though many concerns can be quieted by the fact that no more information can be stored on the bi ochip than an identification number, whos to label that will be the case in the future? With technology booming like it is, the next in all probability step in the biochips technology is to store more information on it. Soon, it may not be necessary to remember your car keys, your drivers license, your social security number, or your ambience card. Before long it may be as easy as walking into a inhabit for the lights to come on, the television to change channels, or the radio the change stations.We already see subtle changes in the way information is stored. Smart cards are used with more regularity, there are chips in breast implants, pacemakers, artificial limbs, and artificial retinas, even paraplegics have had silicon brain implants able to control computers. Professor Kevin Warwick of the University Of Reading, England is the first human biochip implant recipient. On 20 April 1998, Professor Warwick had a glass capsule about 23 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wideinserte d in his left arm. The chip, in conjunction with computer equipment in his house, turns lights on and off when he enters and exits (a) room, and gives him a spoken, running tally of the mail in his email box. The chip merely sends out an identifying signalbut (it) is still a step forward since his body has not rejected the foreign matter. (Mamatas 2002).It may be another decade before technology like Professor Warwicks becomes an everyday item for everyday people, but it is easy to see how it may be as essential to us in the future as cell phones and computers are today. There are many uses and qualities in a biochip and they are already widely used in a vast number of applications tracking cell phones, tagging pets, monitoring waste output in garbage bins in the UK, and the pharmaceutical companies are even starting to do research with the biochip technology to monitor protein levels. The next step seems to be human biochip implantation. (Chu 2005)When you compare the hesitance peo ple felt at the thought of the social security number when it was first introduced in 1935, you can see the similarity in the concern people feel about the biochip technology today. I believe the use of this technology can be a great asset to our hostel and way of life no matter what application is set to use. From identification to medical research, the benefits of the biochip technology far outweigh the few possible downsides worrying people now.ReferencesChu, Wai Lang (2005). Preclinical Research, Biochip Technology Redefines Drug Discovery, Retrieved 12/16/2010 from, http//www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Preclinical-Research/Biochip-technology-redefines-drug-discovery Mamatas, Nick (2002). Not Found, Kevin Warwick Cyborg Professor, Retrieved 12/16/2010 from, http//old.disinfo.com/archive/pages/dossier/id174/pg1/index.html The University Of Reading Professor Kevin Warwick. Retrieved 12/18/2010 from, http//www.kevinwarwick.com/index.asp

Sunday, May 19, 2019

The Great Cat Massacre Review

The Great Cat Massacre entails understanding history differently. It is the story of retribution of some ill fed journeymen at the face of their bourgeoisie masters attitude. The pranksters carry reveal their master plan by killing the Cats and then staging a mock trial. What the author straits outs is the humor that they share at the face of this cruelty and he urges the reader to understand the Rabelaian humor contextualizing the detail against the backdrop of the churl society of the Ancien Regime.Darnton shows why they chose the cats and how cats are metaphoric in western linguistic and heathen tradition. He brilliantly depicts the relation Cats bare with female sexuality, witchcraft, routine slangs and so on. The killing of cats is not notwithstanding a frenzy killing that came out of a berserk reaction against the bourgeoisie, but it was metaphorically ravage the bourgeoisie master whom they cannot reach out for physically at least. In the analysis of folklores of the Red equitation Hood or the La Renarde Darnton believes that these folklores help us understanding the pulse of the peasant society of France.He gives an sinless overview of the French peasantry and the hardships they endured following, which he gives a fascinating folktale of the Sorcerers Apprentice, which includes a number of fake shifting charisma of the man and the devil following the eventual victory of man and the author follows that this reflected the natural idea of fighting over scarce resources. The use of culture here is strictly in the Geertzian sense, as expressed, for example, in The Interpretation of Cultures as an historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols, a trunk of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic form by means of which men communicate, perpetuate and recrudesce their knowledge about and attitudes towards life.Under what conditions can a historian legitimately make use of a definition of this sort? What attitude does it imply vis-a-vis texts that give access to the symbolic forms that functioned in ancient societies? Is it sufficient to the founding of a new way of writing cultural history (Chartier) While methodologically of course, Darnton shows us a newer archive, and there is nothing that could be said against it but on the other muckle can the folktales be used transparently as a clean glass to interrogate the complexities of the peasant society? The killing of the Cats as a symbolic ritual and what it meant to the peasants is only speculated by Darnton, thus the speculate of the historian being that of the speculator is the historian only an astrologer of the past?The killing of the cats might be just without the baggage of the symbolic element that the cats carried as Darnton argues. It is possible that Cats did had immense importance as Darnton shows since black art was a theme recurrent but I am merely speculating that it might not homogeneous to the speculating exercise Darnton himself does .

Saturday, May 18, 2019

B Wordsworth

B. Wordsworth is the creation of V. S. Naipaul approximately the story of a boy and a man who felt like being a poet wholly when, unfortunately, could never be one. As one of the most widely read and perhaps interpreted writers of Caribbean descent, V. S. Naipaul presents a poetical view of the challenges of being part of Caribbean society during that time. It reflects the impact that a contrasted culture and a foreign language had upon the natives. Yet, it does not condemn this fact but rather embraces it in an unfamiliar way.The main character, B. Wordsworth, is a tramp, a vagabond who resides in a very simple one room hut that is surrounded by weeds, trees and bushes that are overgrown. He not only lives a life of modesty and simplicity but he also has an unusual appreciation for nature. This is interpretn by his comments on the stars and during the time when he shows the young boy the different trees. The thing that made him different, however, was the fact that while he was a man of simple kernel he spoke slope in a peculiar, unnatural manner.It is this fact which draws the attention of the young boy and invites the scorn of his mother. A critical analysis of the circumstances and the events that transpire in the story will fall in that there is an internal struggle that the characters have to face. The misplaced English that the boy speaks as compared to the flawless English of B. Wordsworth mirrors the social climate in the Caribbean during that time.This contrast also reveals the irony that exists in the life of not only the boy but also the vagabond as the realization of having a dream but not the capacity to pursue such dawns upon him in the twilight of his years. B. Wordsworth and perhaps the boy who followed his dream wanted to be poets but could never be one. The seemingly poetic language of the boy and the poetic nature of B. Wordsworth show that the poetry existed not in language but in his lifestyle. The magically garden that existed amidst the concrete hobo camp is a testament to this but is sadly one that was torn down only to exist in the boys memory.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Gustav klimt

They whitethorn be completely contrary to another figure. Josephine Wall is a popular British artist and sculptor. historied for fantastical works. This painting shows a beautiful girl with strawberry blonde hair out and close to on a summer afternoon. The young girl enjoys the sun on her face on a warm midsummer day. The top of her head is covered with a straw hat, and she is surrounded by vibrant summer flowers and trees, and vivid solelyterflies. But perhaps the most wonderful part of this painting is what is happening righteousness on top of the girls hat.The Tara around her hat turns into a field where people atomic number 18 enjoying the summer and single another. I find this painting to be wonderful. There is such simplicity behind this painting that helps u feel relaxed when looking at it. The simple lives of the people on top of the girls hat are restful because we can easily make out that they are having a wonderful time in the summers sun. It captures the mortal of s ummer and what summer should look like in a sense. Rob Gonzales is a Canadian jaguar of magic realism with a unique sentiment and style.The Sun Sets Sail is a smooth and still painting that is also a wonderful optical illusion. Surrealistic paintings which show two calculateingly different realistic scenes that magically merge into one. Gonzales exhibits his talent to trick the audiences perception by establishing the ships as the negative plaza of the arches under the aqueduct. His treatment of details on the ships and the aqueduct create an optical illusion, and a wonderful piece of artwork.Gonzales use shape in order to define the contours of the sailing hips the arches under the aqueduct are roughly the same shape as the ships. This diagonal composition strengthens the sensation of movement that the ships create. The space created in the painting extends well beyond the edges. There is no limit set by any object in the space. The aqueduct starts to define an edge, but the arches show more space beyond. The colors in the painting also play a agency in defining the optical illusion.The aqueduct is a blue silhouette on the left, and that color becomes the sky on the right. The choice to use Just blues and whites make the illusion smooth and simple. Franz Saver Windcheater (20 April 1805 8 July 1873) was a German painter, known for his portraits of royalty in the mid-nineteenth century. The Princess Leonia reclines on a low Turkish couch on a veranda overlooking a lush tropical landscape. The style is naturalistic, and the detail is so precise, it looks like a photograph.It was painted in Rome when Franz met the Princess and her husband and made portraits of both of them. Princess Leonia she was a fille of one of the most influential families of the Russian nobility. Known for her great beauty and intellect, the Princess is resplendent in a luxurious gown of ivory silk moor. She is lying on an open balcony and behind the column are plants, and furthe r back, the ocean with a distant island and clouds in the sky displaying the colors of sunset. Windcheater used atmospherical perspective as he painted each receding item with less detail.The detail of the carpet in the foreground, and the large column and rapiers in the background, do not quite as precise, thus, not seem as important. This technique serves two purposes to show the distance of the island and the horizon from the balcony, and also to ensure that Princess Leonia is the focus of the painting. I chose this painting because of the many different elements of design and principles of art used. The implied texture of her gown the depth created with atmospheric perspective the asymmetrical balance, as she is definitely more on the left side of the picture.

Treating Animals with the Same Respect as Humans

Treating animals with the equal respectfulness as manhood In 2012 there were 35 000 animal cruelty cases reported in the media all over the world. What is more, there ar many indefin commensurate videos posted on the internet in which animals atomic number 18 being ill-treated or killed. Statistically, one fifth part of all domestic animals are not well treated. These facts arouse the question Should animals be treated with the same respect as humans? . In spite of the fact that animals are not conscious idea creatures, they should be treated as humans because they are biologically similar to us and they are our companions.First and foremost, animals are biologically similar to humans. Their genetic code is similar to ours because it is made of the same nucleotides that encode amino acids. desoxyribonucleic acid is the carrier of genetic information in which our behaviour, appearance and genetic predispositions are encoded. Human and animals structure of desoxyribonucleic aci d is almost the same. The best example is the DNA of the great apes which is in 95 percent similar to the human. even so though many people can say that animals do not feel anything, animals are able to feel pain, happiness or anger owing to the developed nervous system.The typical examples of that are a cut across which howls when it feels pain and a cat which purrs when it is being stroked. Many experiments were held in which e. g. chimpanzees were learnt how to count fruits shown on the filmdom and with the right answer they were getting a reward, and they were able to learn it which is the clear proof that they are able to learn certain conducts in the course of time. Furthermore, many species of animals are human companions. Choicely trained dogs are use to help blind people function in the world. Jack is one of the many people who without his dog would only have to stay at home and be dependent on his family.However, it is not the disembodied spirit that those people want to live and dogs are the unbeatable mean of helping them in their day-to-day activities. Secondly, enormously keen sense of smell that sniffer dogs have is most useful in rescuing people who have been confine under the rubble because they can smell the scent of human in the places where the sight of rescue squad is limited. Cats or hamsters are bred because of the very simple reason they are ideal for children. Most of them are correct and they like being stroked. On the other hand, opponents say that animals should not be treated as humans because they are not conscious thinking creatures.The only way of communication between them is using autochthonic codes, not developed language e. g. bees are dancing in fiat to communicate something to others or elephants are making sounds that are not audible for humans. What is more, these codes are only used by them in order to survive their assemblage. All in all, no matter what opponents may say, animals should be treated with the s ame respect as humans. They are biologically similar to humans at the DNA level and they are perfect tense human companions used in order to help people and beguile their free time. They should not be treated as if they did not feel anything.

Thursday, May 16, 2019

Critically evaluate the need for risk management in the event industry Essay

Critic aloney evaluate the need for risk solicitude in the event industry - Essay ExampleRisk management, as it relates to the event administration, may include carry out items such as fire evacuation procedures or it may be a minor worry from rowdy guests.Risk management, basically seeks to minimize the prospect of money or other forms of finance that crowd out be utilized ineffectively or abused. It increases the profit margin for the company, by making sure that all resources are utilized safely, logically, and efficiently. Though, the actual process of risk management varies from company to company but in general, it requires support of owners, together with the management team, in order to filter the overall process and attain the low degree of risk possible. (What is risk management, 2003)As risk management is an integral part of any configuration of business, it is in any case an essential component and a specific prerequisite for successfulevent management. It combines many management disciplines, such as change management, knowledge management, strategy and leadership. Risk management stool be considered as an informal decision making course that seeks to generate certainty from uncertainty.The importance of risk management in the event industry has developed with the growing complexity and specialisation of service supply. Though, it does not prevent degree Celsius conditions from forcing event managers to cancel a festive marquee event, but not understanding and effective consummation of useful risk management strategies can result in disastrous situations. Risk management, without any doubt, is world-shaking part of the planning process.Analysing the risk, allows a firm to recognize the degree to which potential risks might impact the events. Risks can be measured in accordance to their possibility or likelihood of happening and they can also be considered in terms of the impacts of the risk or its consequences. Examining a risk and prepa ring risk matrices enable the managers to

Wednesday, May 15, 2019

The changing role of Management Accountants at Tesco plc Essay

The ever-changing role of Management Accountants at Tesco plc - Essay ExampleIn conclusion, the radical will highlighting on challenges that are likely to undermine successful implementation of the business-partnering illustration in TescoAccording to a report by (CIMA, 2009), leading companies are increasingly transforming the traditional roles of financial accountants to match current global trends in the market. There are emergent debates and concerns over the traditional roles of finance professionals and their significance in the current high-octane market. Leading companies are slowly integrating termination-making elements and focal point efficiency within the domains of finance accounting roles (Gabriels, 2002). This set report is aimed at examining the changing roles of the way accountant in the 21st century and further evaluating how management accounting business partners could better support decision making within the firm. Therefore, the report will highlight on the changing roles of management accountants in the 21st century. Similarly, the discussions will comprehensively evaluate how better decision making could be achieved by management accountants. Finally, the report will conclude with the examination of the challenges of implementing the business partnering model in Tesco.(Burns and Baldvinsdottir, 2007) defines management accountant roles as entailing analysis of the information relating to costs and operations of an organization in order to advise managers on how to make profits and achieve savings goals. Therefore, unlike other accountants, management accountants are expected to seamless integrate management, accounting and financial skills in order to provide advice to the peak managers of an organization effectively. (Accenture, 2011) hence noted that management accountants performed the following tasks, study the business environment and hence advice on the financial implications of key projects. Also to advice and explain fin ancial consequences of managerial decisions, develop business

Tuesday, May 14, 2019

Research Proposal Master Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Master - Research Proposal ExampleThese greenhouse gases, in large part, expire from human activities, particularly the consumption of fossil fuels and the converts in the ways that land is used.But what does this have to do with business Consider the economic exists of the chaotic weather patterns that have broadened in scale oer the past decades. Patterns of floods and drought that have devastated local areas have additiond in their extremity. The severity and frequency of hurri masses and tornadoes, as well as in more mundane thunderstorms, have also increased. This can be attri preciselyed to the increase in global temperatures, and so one can see that increased production of greenhouse gases can have a lasting effect on business - particularly as those who owned businesses in Florida before it was hit by Hurricane Andrew, or in New Orleans before it was hit by Hurricane Katrina, can attest.The focus of this paper will be to measure the specific effects of climate change on the global economy. In other words, how will the current trend of climate change propel the worlds productivity if it does not go unchecked Can the world accept President Bushs laissez-faire nest to climate control, or does the global economy demand more specific solutionsLiterature Search. Literature Search. I located five names that represent a cross-section of the spectrum of thought about the ways that global climate change will affect the worlds economy. Jennifer G. Hickeys essay entitled Flaky climate data will cost U.S. dough - economic costs of global warming accord represents the side of the skeptics - those who feel that the science coffin nail the idea that human activity has generated greenhouse gases that are causing higher global temperatures to be a fallacy. These skeptics generally tend to fall in the politically conservative ranks, and they see no reason for politics to intervene in the affairs of business on the basis of iffy science. Implementing much(preno minal) measures as the Kyoto emissions treaty would have economic effects that are more easily measured and verified, in the writers opinion, than the less tangible benefits of reduced emissions. One of the counterarguments that this essay puts forth in response to the call for reduced emissions is the idea that, in the midst of 1940 and 1970, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased dramatically, and yet the global temperature fell during that time frame (Hickey). This article goes through several economic projections of the financial effects of the Kyoto treaty on the American economy, which the Clinton Administration signed, but never sent to the Senate for formal ratification. Of interest is the fact that this article was written in 1997. During the intervening years, such writing as this has declined in the mainstream press, becoming relegated more and more to right-wing publications. It is still an argument that has its virile adherents, though, and would be an obstacle t o implementing large-scale environmental regulations unless there were ironclad proof that greenhouse gas emissions right off caused global warming, and that global warming was certain to harm the economy in the future.Next, I found twain sources by William D. Nordhaus. One is a brief analysis of the economic and environmental effects of the

Monday, May 13, 2019

Video research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video - Research Paper Example whiz of the artists to focus on with regard to this kind of music is Demi Lovato. This contemporary rock artist has managed to gather long clouds and this is from the videos that she produces along with her songs. Demi is a 21yr old singer who started acting as her first career1. However, she later on locomote on to music when she got somewhat 18. One of her songs is heart attack where she is seen to portray great video natural endowment and this is from the elbow room in which in the song she holds her microphone tight swaying with it in a mood that shows her dimension on to the person that she falls in love with. In the video, she is also shown to drop the microphone at some point and this is to show how much she is willing to let go of all types of romantic relationships that whitethorn portray themselves in her life2. From the title of her song, she fears a heart attack and this clearly expressed in the manner she pushes away the male charact ers in her video to portray the fact that she does not need them in her life.Slipknot is a band that is imperative to focus with regard to rock. Slipknot was formed in 1995 in the state of Iowa3. This group has acquired a huge following from the manner in which they have changed the contemporary rock generation. The change is in the manner in which they produce their shows and videos are a force that is rare to fail to reckon with regarding rock. The manner in which their videos are produced shows the highest form of rock music. The reason is that they wear masks and they rap their songs so fast that it is only esurient fans with the ability to comprehend the information contained in their songs. One of their famous songs is psychosocial that shows them wearing brown masks and jumping around the stage to portray the manner in which the psychopathic person they discuss in the song acts4.When comparability these two videos and artists, one gets

Sunday, May 12, 2019

Country analysis ( Singapore) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

republic analysis ( Singapore) - Research Paper ExampleNevertheless, the country is criticized for running a system that churns out punishments for acts perceive to be anti-social however, the countrys use of capital punishment that is applied mainly for drug trafficking offences hailed for tenia the growth of narcotics syndicates. A. Introduction to Country Analysis Singapore uses Singaporean Dollar (SGD) and has a total champaign of about 714 sq km. According to Singapore Department of Statistics, the 2009 population estimates stood at 5.18million (comprising of 3.26 citizens 0.53 million permanent residents 1.39million other impertinent residents) with the population density revolving around 6671.7 sq km. Singapore government represents republic and parliamentary democracy with the official Singaporean languages include Mandarin, English, Malay, and Tamil. The major religions in Singapore include Buddhism (33%), Christian (11%), Taoism (11%), Catholicism (7%), Islam (15%), Hi nduism (5%), other religions 1%, and no religion at17% (Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). Chinese put on up the bulk of Singapore population (more than 75%) while Malays (13%) and Indians (9%) make up the rest. Singapore has also a significant composition of foreign workers. This diversity has translated into a obvious mix of religions, languages, cuisines, and cultural traditions. The successful integration of these elements has fashioned stable, accommodative relations depicted by usual respect and that promotes social cohesion (World Trade Organization, 2000). Although Singapore is predominantly a multi-party nation, the Peoples effect Party has dominated the political scene since independence from Malaysia in 1965. Singapores vibrant sparing remains largely propelled by financial services and electronics industry (Parker, 2012). B. Economic Indicators Singapore possesses a demonstrable market-based economy that has historically centered on extended entrepot trade. Singapore GDP (c onstant prices, case Currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 284.561 billion (and US $238.2 billion in 2011) while GDP (current prices, US dollars) in 2010 stood at US $222.699 billion. As per 2010, Singapore GDP growth ranged around 14.471% while GDP (PPP) in 2010 stood at US $291.937 billion (GDP PPP was US $327.557 billion in 2011) (Healy Consultants,2012). Singapores GDP per capita (constant prices, National currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 55, 093.67 while GDP per capita (current prices, National currency) in 2010 stood at SGD 58,790. 97. In 2011, the GDP per capita stood at SGD 63,050, which amounted to US $50,123 (Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). The inflation rate in 2010 stood at 2.823% while, in 2011, the inflation rate stood at 5.2% and is estimated to be 3.5% in 2012. Unemployment rate in Singapore decreased to about 1.9% within the third quarter of 2012 secure from 2% registered in the 2nd quarter of 2012. In 2011, Singapore enjoyed an annual growth of around 5.2% with the benchmark interest rate last recorded by the Monetary Authority of Singapore standing at 0.1%. After an outstanding rebound in 2010, the Singapore economy slowed down a bit in 2011 owing to tighter economic policies and the slowdown witnessed in international trade (Jancloes-Schneider, 2012). C. Main exports and Imports Singapores geostrategic location, plus its developed port facilities means that a significant volume of Singapores swap exports involves entrepot trade with close to 47% of exports comprising of re-exports. The total value of exports in Singapore in 2010 stood at

Saturday, May 11, 2019

Issues of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues of Justice - Essay ExampleFor theorist John Rawls, Justice is the prototypic virtue of social institutions ( 1999). But today it is faced by many issues. And so, it is timely that the concept of nicety and its impact on issues be clarified. Definition of referee Seen as a foundation stone of morality, nicety is nominally described as the constant will and disposition to give each one his referable (Montemayor 101). More properly, it is defined as the principle of rectitude and fairness in mens comparison with each other(101). From the aforesaid, two essential attributes of justice may be observed, namely universality and equality. catholicity requires justice for all without bias. Meanwhile, equality demands justice equitably distributed regardless of class or position. These attributes require the exertion of laws without discrimination or without playing favorites. It is noted by mora magnetic dips that all laws, either human or divine, be reducible to the universal principles of justice. Giving God His due through love is a summary of the ten Commandments. The right to life, liberty and security of person is ensured by the UN Declaration of Human Rights. Killing, stealing, adultery are violations of justice owed to life, property and integrity. Types of justice The concept of justice is not simple, and so there is a need to list its classification based relationships among individuals, as well as individuals with institutions such as the state. Commutative. This is justice based on mutuality of rights and duties. Everyone should give to others what belongs to them. For example an assault to honor through libel, that ruins someones good name, is a violation of commutative justice (Oswald, 1). Distributive. This is justice assigned to the state, which must fulfill certain duties to its citizens. For example, government should fork up support for free education, promote social justice, protect ploughers, etc. Organizational. This relates to j ustice for people in organizations, such as on matters of wages, promotions and privileges. (Tabibnia, et al., 339). Restorative. Offenders are urged to take responsibility and repair the damage done through apology, evanesce of stolen items, community service, etc. (Parade, 6) Retributive. There must be appropriate punishment for a crime. Utilitarianists look frontward for benefits for those who amend for their crimes retributionists look back with an eye for atoning damage done, e.g. law of an eye for an eye (Cavadino, 39). Social. Sparked by travail movements, a just society is viewed to be based on equality and solidarity, e.g. giving quality of work life to workers (Zajda, et al. 4721). Spatial. There is a need to achieve socio-spatial--geographical distribution of the workers needs, e.g. access to healthcare, good air quality, anticipate period, etc. Dynamics of justice and issues How do issues affect justice, and how does justice respond to issues? Issues create an impact on the justice system. For example, since the 60s, gays sought dignity owed to them. It was a hide-and-seek affair especially in the military. The dent, however, was made with the acceptt ask, dont tell policy of the Clinton administration. Subsequently in 2012, President Obama allowed openness for macrocosm gay and the right of gay soldiers to serve without encountering bigotry in the U.S. military. Due to its dynamism, justice responds to issues. This is done by the justice system processing

Friday, May 10, 2019

NGOs performing governmental functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

NGOs performing establishmental functions - Essay ExampleHowever, in that location argon cases where these NGOs expire alongside or in collaboration with government organizations to pursue broader communal efforts that construct discordant political agendas. In much(prenominal) instances, the NGOs ensure that it does non include any politicians or representatives of government in their organizational operations, thereby retaining its non-governmental position. This paper will cover how the non-government organization (NGOs) came into existence, their purpose, and how these organizations affect or help oneself the government. The paper will also discuss the role of NGOs as a government subsidiary in performing important government functions, and will highlight key organizations that beget performed humanitarian or development-oriented work in collaboration of various government agencies. History of NGOs Non-governmental organizations were present in the late nineteenth coulo mb and early twentieth century fighting for women rights, and engaged in movements against slavery. The creative activity Disarmament Conference was seen as the biggest showcase for non-governmental organizations, with the official term of NGO coming into existence with the fall in Nations Organization in 1945. The United Nations gave legal provisions to these organizations and they were categorized as neither government bodies nor a member organisation or state of United Nations instead the United Nations defines a Non-Governmental Organisation as autonomous links of people not obliged under any international treaty, working in humanitarian and charitable work, and bringing commonality people close to the governments (Chiang, 1981). It is imperative for NGOs to have extensive networking relationships across borders to be successful. It needs to incorporate various cultural, political and religious values of each country and operate according to the legal structures in which the se countries have these non-governmental organizations to function. They are broadly classified under four main groups globally, which include Unincorporated and voluntary association, Trusts, charities and foundations, Companies not just for profit and Entities formed or registered under special NGO or non-profit laws (Stillman 2007). once the term NGO was coined, the western countries saw an extensive increase in the development of non-governmental organizations, as these countries were in a transitional period of structuring their country and defining it as a welfare state. The significance of NGOs change magnitude even further with the fall of Communism, and rapid Globalisation, as many problems were seen having magnitude beyond the scope of a single nation and could only be dealt under an international enterprise (Langhorne, The Coming of Globalization 2001). World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Economic Forum are examples of such international treaties but they are capi talist in nature. Many feel that these organizations do more harm than aid third military personnel economies as they are used as tools to dictate western political agendas in these countries. Therefore, many NGOs have developed to counterbalance this trend, with emphasis in sustainable development, developmental aid, and humanitarian issues (Langhorne 2006). One example of such organization is World Social Forum, but yet there are criticisms as to the role the NGOs undertake. They

Thursday, May 9, 2019

Negotiations - Getting to Yes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiations - Getting to Yes - Essay ExampleThis paper tends to explain the signifi fagce of the theme stated to a higher place on the grounds of practical evidences and the findings of scholarly volumes on duologue.To begin with, a persons imply of view of a certain topic has a straight-line relationship with his behavior as an individual. The intensity of his responses and reactions to paying back arguments in a debate of win-to-win contexts reflects how passionate he is towards his ethics or prejudice. Hence, world soft on the people is important while at the same time being hard on the paradox so as to achieve the goal.Planning covers the major portion of entire strategic talks procedures. When a manager utilizes all skills, knowledge, and potential to create a favorable condition for negotiating with someone, the tactics he initiates can be termed as negotiation strategy.According to Rojot, the first process of three-stage model of negotiation is acquiring to know each o ther including their starting positions, range, and limitations. The second stage involves the attempt to reach a cloture either through official or informal actions and finally persuading other group for decision fashioning (174-75).While considering the scope of negotiation in a disturbed atmosphere, it is important to see that the process of negotiation passes through different phases that create stage for analysis, understanding, and effective communication. Importance and necessity of interaction are also determined only if the negotiation process is identified well.To be more specific, on initiating a negotiation process, one has to determine the actual reason for negotiating an issue. Although issues are more important than people concerned to them, being soft on the people is also important. Otherwise, people tend to get defensive and refuse to mind (Chapter 3). On the other hand, gathering adequate

Wednesday, May 8, 2019

How similar are the experiences of minority ethnic groups in the UK Essay

How similar atomic number 18 the experiences of minority ethnic groups in the UK apprehend market Give evidence for your answer - Essay ExampleWhites always had good percentage of throng having better jobs as compared to non- flannels. To be more specific, the major nonrecreational and managerial based jobs were chiefly held by the whites. Non-whites found to sport been struggling in the labour markets of UK and thus majority of non-whites either remained unemployed or self-employed. However, in the last decade, the dynamics of UK labour market has experienced significant improvements. These improvements have emerged as a result of increasing employment points of minority ethnic groups especially Black Africans, Bangladeshis and Pakistanis over a period of around 30 years (Cohen and Kennedy, 2007, p.16). The major reason behind this is the improvement in educational credentials and professional skills of these minority ethnic groups. Despite having much(prenominal) improvem ents, still the majority of jobs, attainments and occupational trainings are mainly provided to white British population and the early(a) minority ethnic groups are found to have been obtaining jobs quite narrowly especially at managerial and professional level. With the increasing racial and discriminating practices dominate in UK labour market, the gap between the whites and non-whites in labour market still exists effectively. Undoubtedly, tremendous derive of growth can be experienced in terms of non-white men getting closer to their white counterparts in getting jobs. However, this situation is quite disappointing in case of non-white women getting employed as compared to white women. For Pakistani and Bangladeshi women, the scenario of getting employment among women is worse than expected such that their employment rate is purge blow 30%. Even though there are more bright prospects available for the minority ethnic groups in terms of achieving better jobs than before rec eivable to their graduate(prenominal)er educational professional background, yet their living conditions are unable to portray these bright prospects. As a result, the minority ethnic groups preferred to get self employed rather than going after the managerial positions as the incoming prospects for the whites are readily available for them as compared to minority ethnic groups, most of them are Chinese and Indians. The other minority group comprising Pakistanis and Bangladeshis remained stick to their original preference of self employment such that they are mainly working under specific sectors which include small retail business, fast food restaurants and taxi impulsive occupations. The way these minority ethnic groups are viewed and perceived among UK social classes, is the major reason behind such discrimination that occurs with the minority ethnic groups in the labour market. Having non-British origin has created immense difficulties for those minority ethnic groups, due to which they are unable to reach at the higher executive level positions even though they are well equipped in terms of their educational background (Macionos and Plummer, 2008, p.22). Ethnicity itself has become a greater hurdle for the graduates belonging to minority ethnic groups to avail employment opportunities and getting higher positions in their jobs. Their efforts are declined even though they have tried to mitigate the impact of their ethnic background by acquire high quality education and training. Similarly, in terms of receiving salaries and earnings, minority ethnic g