Raid Research Essay

The word RAID stands for redundant ray of independent disks. Raid is usually used in environments with servers or at a business with large file servers, transaction of application servers, where data accessibility is critical, and fault tolerance is required. There are 8 types of raids, Raid 0 is technically not a raid level because it offers no fault tolerance but, it operates by providing data stripping which takes the information and spreads it out over all the disk drives. However, if one drive fails than the entire raid fails. Raid 1 is also referred to as disk mirroring; it basically takes the information from one disk and stores it on multiple disks, this is great for fault tolerance because if one disk fails the information is on another disk. The only drawback to raid 1 is data access speed and the cost because there are more disks involved. Raid 5 is considerably the most commonly used Raid level simply because it provides both stripping and parity. The parity block is dist ributed to all of the drives making it easier to access the information or have a balanced access load. The parity in raid 5 is used if one of the drives happens to fail, to recover that drive which makes the raid 5 the most common however the only drawback to this raid level is that it has a relatively slow write cycle. Lastly, RAID level 6 which is very similar to raid level 5 but provides two parity functions rather than just one. A minimum of four disks is required to create RAID level 6. Raid level 0, even though it offers no redundancy, is still of use mainly to those who use applications that require high bandwidth such as data streaming or video editing software. Raid level 0 is also used because it’s most simple to implement. Raid level 1 is most expensive because it requires more disks to implement. It also requires heavy software manipulation and configuration to implement Raid level 1. If I were to purchase raid it would absolutely be raid level 0 simply because its easy to implement and it would be efficient for my personal usage.

Chinese Features on Hamlet

Chinese Features on Hamlet By Xia Chen Student Number: 3070313019 Supervisor: Lu Junyan A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in the School of Foreign Language Studies, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University May 10, 2011 Abstract Hamlet is considered as one of the greatest works of Shakespeare, since the play Hamlet is a magnificent example of western classic tragedies and the hero Hamlet is a combination of various personalities and contradictive human values.It becomes valuable as an important source material of study for not only literature but also sociology and anthropology. This paper is composed of four parts including introduction, main body and conclusion. The main body could be divided into two parts, which are Hamlet’s Chinese features as a human and Hamlet’s Chinese features as a tragedy. In the first part, Hamlet’s characters will be compared with Chinese traditional culture: fili al piety, the concept of family, morality and sexual discrimination. Filial piety is considered as one of the most important Chinese traditional criterions.In the play Hamlet, when the ghost of the died king, who was Hamlet’s father, asks Hamlet to revenge for him, it seems that the revenging becomes the most important thing of Hamlet, even more important than his love with Ophelia, it shows that Hamlet has a strong sense of filial piety. What’s more, to Chinese people, family is as important as one’s life. Hamlet also tries his best to protect his family in the play. In addition, Hamlet has the sense of sexual discrimination. He thinks women are petty and low, and he does not think men and women are equal, which is also a feudal character in acient China.In the second part, the play Hamlet is compared with Chinese tragedy the Orphan of Chao’s on theme and the enjoyment of tragedy. By this way, the relationship between Hamlet and Chinese culture will be c learly expressed. Keywords: revenge; love; family; Chinese culture Contents 1 Introduction1 1. 1 Research Background1 1. 3 Research Purpose2 2 Hamlet’s Chinese Fetures as a Human3 2. 1 Hamlet’s Character3 2. 2 Hamlet's Chinese Fetures6 2. 2. 1 Hamlet’s Filial Piety8 2. 2. 2 Hamlet’s Concept of Family4 2. 2. 3 Hamlet’s Sense of Sexual Discrimination4 . 2. 2 Hamlet and Golden Mean4 3 Hamlet’s Chinese Fetures As a Tragedy5 3. 1 The Orphan of Chao’s4 3. 2. A Chinese Topic: Revenge4 3. 3 A Chinese Way To Enjoy The Tragedy4 4 Conclusion10 References12 Acknowledgements13 1 Introduction 1. 1 Research Background The play Hamlet, written by Shakespeare, is considered as one of the most magnificent art works in the world, and it has been long studied by scholars all around the world. Hamlet is a story about the princess of Denmark, Hamlet, whose father was murdered by Hamlet's uncle.Hamlet's uncle married Hamlet's mother, the queen, and became t he new king, which made Hamlet so despaired and angry that he was eager to revenge for his died father. However, Hamlet was a contradictive young man and he was always hesitating, which made him feel painful in his mental world and he almost committed suicide. By the leading of a ghost, which was Hamlet's died father, Hamlet found out the truth of his father's death, then he began to pretend as he was mad so that he might have a chance to kill his uncle, the new king.Hamlet tried to show the truth to the public by a play, which made the new king angry and he decided to banish Hamlet. Fortunately, Hamlet was so clever that he made a stratagem to get rid of the punishment, and he went back to Denmark. Then, Hamlet killed his fiancee’s father as a manslaughter, which made Hamlet's fiancee Ophelia lose her mind. Ophelia's brother asked him to duel with him in front of the new king and queen. The queen drank a bottle of poisonous wine which was for Hamlet when she was watching the duel and she died.Hamlet was stabbed by a poisonous sword in the duel, before he died, Hamlet killed the new king by that poisonous sword. Hamlet is an epitome of human being. His personality is complicated and everyone might find some similarities with Hamlet. This makes Hamlet a symbolic character, and the studies on Hamlet could not only help people to know western classic literature better but also make people think deeper about their life. In this essay, the author would like to make a comparison between Hamlet and Chinese culture. 1. 2 Research PurposeMany authors emphasize on certain aspects of literature study on Hamlet or Chinese culture, like the tradition of filial piety, the comparison of Hamlet and Chinese classic literature, Hamlet’s personality and Hamlet’s value system. The author thinks that many studies on this thesis have already been done but there is not anyone who has done a general study on the topic of Hamlet’s Chinese feature, so there is the possibility for the author to do some research on it. The weakness of recent study is that most of the studies are isolated from each other.For instance, â€Å"Tradition of filial piety in China and Western culture† [1] is talking about what is common that the Chinese people tend to extremely value such filial duties as serving, respecting, filially obeying the aged parents, and worshiping their ancestors whereas such acts of filial piety are not taken so seriously in the Western culture. It could be a point that supports what mentioned in â€Å"The family relationship in Shakespeare's plays† [2], and it can help readers to go deeper into each of these two essays. However, few authors have done any study on the filial piety in Shakespeare’s plays, which makes this field blank.What's more, when Chinese readers are reading the play Hamlet, what might help them to understand the literal meaning is a dictionary or a translation work, but they may always get c onfused about the story’s culture background and Hamlet’s thoughts about love, family and life. Bacause there was not many literature which can help Chinese readers to understand Hamlet from comparing Chinese culture with Hamlet, it is necessary for the author to do some research on it so that more Chinese readers can understand Hamlet easier. 2 Hamlet’s Chinese Features as a human 2. 1 Hamlet’s characterThe Tragedy of Hamlet is one of the four most famous tragedies written by Shakespeare, and Hamlet is the protagonist in it. Throughout the whole play, the contradictory sides of his character could be seen easily. On one hand, Hamlet is a wise, brave, and kind-hearted young man; on the other hand, he is sometimes timid, careless, and even a little bit cruel. Hamlet enjoys a high social position and has a good reputation among his people. But once he is called back from the university to Danmark by his father’s sudden death, he is involved in misery and the arduous task of avenging.Life suddenly becomes so complicated and challenging for Hamlet because of his mother’s hasty marriage to his uncle, the new king and also the one who killed his father. Hamlet is young and inexperienced, and his strong character enables him to stand firm under such a difficulty. Although he feels isolated and lonely, he remains calm, contend with his uncle’s repeated persecutions by using his intelligence, and carrying out the revenge finally, though at the cost of his own life.Through the whole play, â€Å"we can see that Hamlet is neither a frail and weak minded youth nor a thought sick dreamer, on the contrary, he is fearless and impetuous in action† [3] His rushing after the ghost, killing Polonius, dealing with the King’s commission on the ship, jumping into the grave of Ophelia out of honest love and executing his final revenge during the duel with Laertes make him appears insensible to the fear of any ordinary kin d. In the play, Hamlet’s delay and hesitations in carrying out his task of revenge is also obvious.Hamlet even appears to be slow and shrinking sometimes. There are several good chances for him to kill Claudius bu everytime he just lets them slip by. Sometimes, when he fails to make good use of a chance, he will find some excuses for his inaction to comfort himself. For instance, when Hamlet is on his way to his mother’s chambe, he finds the new king is praying, he could kill the new king on the spot by his sword, but he give up the chance and he tells himself it will send someone to the heaven if kill him when he is praying.If his delay is due to the lack of evidence of the new king's crime, now he has got evidence and he should have taken immediate action, but he still fails. Hamlet often reproaches himself bitterly for the neglect of his duty. He even asks himself in genuine hesitation, â€Å"What should such fellows as I do crawling between earth and heaven? Do I linger? Can the cause be cowardice? What is it that makes me sit idle when I feel it is shameful to do so, and when I have cause, and will, and strength, and means to act ? Why in the world did not Hamlet obey the Ghost at once, and save seven of those eight lives? If he had been Laertes or Fortinbras, he would have accomplished his task in wears mourning dress and appears depressed at his mother’s marriage. † [4] When Hamlet’s mother asks him to exchange his clothing and â€Å"look like a friend on Denmark†, he says, â€Å"together with all forms, moods and shapes of grief that can demote me truly. These indeed seem, for they are actions that a man play, But I have that within which passeth show; these but the trappings and the suits of woe. The words of â€Å"play, and trappings and suits of woe† indicates that he suspects the cause of his father’s death. Knowing clearly that he is under the close watch by the new king and his followers, à ¢â‚¬Å"he speaks out the King’s crime in his mother chamber, A murderer and a villain, A slave that is not twentieth part the tithe of your precedent lord, a vice of kings, a cutpurse of the empire and the rule, that from a shelf the precious diadem stole And put it in his pocket. † [4]Fortunately, the eavesdropper Plonius is killed by mistake.But Hamlet has made a big mistake. Though his mother promises to keep what he says a secret, his rush act leads to the death of Ophelia, and the King has another reason to kill him, that is, the duel with Laertes at the end of the play. 2. 2 Chinese fetures 2. 2. 1 Hamlet’s filial piety In Chinese traditional culture, filial piety is as important as one’s life. One will get a bad reputation if he or she is considered as doing things against his or her parents. Young people are supposed to obey their parents and take good care of their parents.Especially for the well educated people, filial piety is one of the most imp ortant criterions. In acient China, people even could get an official position by treating their parents well enough. Confucius once said â€Å"Filial duty is the foundation of other duties. † [5]From this, we can see that filial piety is almost the core of Chinese social structure. However, in the western culture, people are more likely to be independent rather than always do what their parents ask them to do, and the concept of filial piety is quite different from Chinese’s view.For example, in western countries, going abroad and living far away from parents means being independent and competent, while living away from parents in acient China means being selfish and irresponsible. In the play Hamlet, when the ghost of the died king, who was Hamlet’s father, asks Hamlet to revenge for him, it seems that the revenging becomes the most important thing of Hamlet, even more important than his love with Ophelia. It is unusual that father’s order becomes the m ost important thing to a western young man, and Hamlet even lost his life for his father.There was a saying in China â€Å"It is the father's fault if a son doesn't do right. † It reflects that in China, the most important part of the relationship between father and son is succession. On one hand, it is father's responsibility to teach his son, and on the other hand, the son should always obey his father. In the play Hamlet, the old king is not only his son's father but also the idol of his son, when Hamlet said â€Å"O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew Or that the Everlasting had no fixed His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter. O God, God,How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie on't, ah fie, 'tis an unweeded garden That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this! But two months dead—nay not so much, not two—So excellent a ki ng, that was to this Hyperion to a satyr. † It is obviously that Hamlet respects his father, the old king very much. Hamlet's duty in the whole story is to revenge for his died father, meanwhile, ancient Chinese people thought the most shameful thing to a man is being unable to revenge for his father.Chinese story The orphan of the Chao's is also about revenging for one's father. So, Hamlet has Chinese futures of revenging, too. 2. 1. 2 Hamlet’s Concept of Family An important Chinese feature that Hamlet has is the concept of family. From my point of view, Shakespeare's idea of family is a kind of humanism thought. It affects the characters' behavior directly and it puts forward the plots from developing or it even influences the end of a play. â€Å"Shakespeare advocates for pure love, for instance, the love betweenHamlet and Ophelia; he demotes carnal love like the love between Hamlet's mother and Hamlet's uncle. Shakespeare also promotes the harmonious conjugal relat ion which is based on love; he demotes the conjugal relation which is based on ambitions or benefits, for example, Macbeth and Mrs. Macbeth. † [6] Another thing that Shakespeare promotes is the fairness and trust between family members. He believes what breaks the love between family members is the power and influence, what’s more, power and influence also deprive the fairness between different people and lead people to guilty.In Hamlet, Hamlet demotes the love between his mother and his uncle, because it is a kind of incest, and Hamlet thinks it is sick. Chinese people think what prevent the society from collapsing are morality and ethics. Ethics means the relationship between family members should be regular and normal. Fornication must be forbidden. In China, if one's uncle married with his or her mother, he or she will be a joke of other people. 2. 1. 3 Hamlet’s Sense of Sexual DiscriminationAnother traditional Chinese feature that can be found on Hamlet is t he sense of sexual discrimination, which has influenced Chinese society for thousands of years. In ancient China, women were forbided to go to school, and they had no right to choose their husband. Women were considered as timid and inability, they had to stay home and look after their children, always obey their husband. In the play Hamlet, Hamlet says â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman! † and â€Å"O God, a heast that want discourse of reason would have mourned longer. It shows that Hamlet looks down upon woman because his mother married his uncle soon after his father's death and he doesn't think man and woman are equal, women are more like heast than human. What's more, when Hamlet says â€Å"Ay truly, for the power of beauty will sooner transform honesty from what it is to a bawd, than the force of honesty can translate beauty into his likeness. This was sometimes a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. I did love you once. † Hamlet seems look down upon his lov er, Ophelia, too. Hamlet praises human being as the gift by god, while he thinks women are petty and low. . 1. 4 Hamlet and Golden Mean It is obvious that Hamlet is a character with hesitation, in the play, Shakespeare includes a number of other characters capable of taking resolute and headstrong revenge as required to highlight Hamlet’s inability to take action,. Fortinbras travels thousands of miles to take his revenge and finally succeeds in conquering Denmark; the plot that Laertes kills Hamlet to revenge for the death of his father, Polonius. Compared to these characters, Hamlet’s revenge is ineffectual. Once Hamlet decides to take action, he delays any action until the end of the play.What makes Hamlet a great unique piece of writing is the remarkable way in which Shakespeare uses the delay to build Hamlet’s emotional and psychological complexity. Hamlet’s revenge is delayed in three significant ways: 1. Hamlet must first find out Claudius’ guilt and tell it to the public, which he does in Act 3, Scene 2 by representing the murder of his father in a play. When Claudius went out during the performance, Hamlet becomes convinced about Clausius’s guilt. 2. Then, Hamlet intellectualizes his revenge, to contrast with the rash actions of Fortinbras and Laertes.For instance, Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius in Act 3, Scene 3. He already draws his sword, but is concerned that Claudius will be sent to heaven if he is killed while praying. 3. After killing Polonius, Hamlet is sent to England and it becomes impossible for him to gain access to Claudius and do his revenge. During his trip, he decides to be more headstrong in his desire for revenge. Although he does kill Claudius in the final scene of the play, we cannot credit Hamlet will kill Claudius if Claudius does not ask him to have a duel with others.Hamlet’s inability to take action might reflect a characteristic that Chinese traditional culture has , that is the sense of â€Å"golden mean†, which is an important rule of Confucian school. â€Å"Golden mean†means that one should not do things in a radical way and never go to the extreme, there is no absolute good or bad. Hamlet’s behavior shows that he is always struggling for right and wrong, do and undo, he does not make a decision until he has no way to go. 3 Hamlet’s Chinese Features as a Tragedy 3. 1 The Orphan of the Zhao’sThe Orphan of Zhao, or Orphan of the House Tcho is a Chinese play of the Yuan Dynasty, attributed to someone named Ji Junxiang, about whom almost nothing is known. Based on an episode in Shiji, the play has its full name The Great Revenge of the Orphan of Zhao Family. Loyalty is the theme of the play Zhaoshi guer (The Orphan of Zhao), written in the second half of the 13th century. In it the hero sacrifices his son to save the life of young Zhao so that Zhao can later avenge the death of his family. It is the first Chin ese play that known in Europe.Joseph Henri Marie de Premare translated the play into French as Tchao-chi-cou-eulh, ou L'orphelin de la maison de Tchao, tragedie chinoise, which was collected in Jean Baptiste Du Halde's Description geographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l'empire de la Chine et de la Tartarie Chinoise, published in 1735 (the play was published separately in 1755). Thomas Hatchett (active 1721-1741) published an adaptation of the play in English, â€Å"The Orphan of China† (1741) that changes the ending significantly so that the play conforms to classical conventions of the three unities 3. A Chinese Topic : Revenge Revenge is a common topic of Chinese traditional drama, since there was a saying in acient China â€Å"An eye to an eye and a tooth for a tooth. † Which means that if any other people hurts one, one should revenge in the same way. â€Å"The orphan of the zhao’s is considered as the Hamlet of China, because th e mean character, Zhao Wu, whose destiny is similar to Hamlet’s, and they both have the duty to revenge for their father. Zhao Wu’s father is killed by his god-father, and he lives with his god-father to bear patiently for twenty years until finally he kills his god-father. [7] Hamlet’s father is killed by Hamlet’s uncle, and Hamlet pretends to be crazy to cheat others so that he has the chance to stay with his uncle and finally he kills his uncle and revenges for his father successfully. In addition, it is full of meaning that both tragedies share the same theme: revenge. The play Hamlet describes the story of Hamlet, the Danmark prince, who takes revenge for his father. The prince Hamlet learns from his father’s ghost that his uncle Claudius poisons the king, takes the power, and marries the queen. The ghost asks Hamlet to avenge him.After several trials and struggles between evil and good, Hamlet and his uncle, the fraud whose crime is finally e xposed, perish together. Zhao the Orphan describes the story of the Zhao's suffer from slaughter because the treacherous court official named Tu An’gu frames up Zhao Dun, the official loyal to his sovereign. The disciple, Cheng Ying, in Zhao’s place sacrifices his own son to save the infant of Zhao’s family and bring him up. After the orphan acquires his life experience, he takes the revenge for his family by killing Tu An’gu.As can be seen, the two tragedies share the common topic that the evil may succeed for a while, however, destines to receive the punishment of justice. 3. 3 A Chinese Way to Enjoy the Tragedy The main idea of the Confucians is â€Å"Ren†, which can be understood as sympathy. It is said that only people who have a heart of sympathy can be considered as a person of noble character and integrity. The tragedy of Hamlet and the tragedy of the Orphan of Chao’s are very popular among people all around the world.An important fa ctor that contributes to the enjoyment of these tragedies is sympathy. It is neither the sympathy in the ethical or moral sense, nor the feeling of pity and sorrow for somebody. It is aesthetic sympathy, which means the identification of ourselves without persons or things with the result that we participate in their feelings, emotions and sentiments. In actual life, we have only one life and most of us are living a very ordinary and calm life, which sometimes seems a little monotonous.One of the charms of dramas is that in them we can live a great number of different lives, experience what we cannot experience in real life , laugh and cry with the characters as long as we substitute ourselves in their places in imagination. For example, in Hamlet, we may identify ourselves with Hamlet. With Hamlet we mourn over the death of the old king, complain of the hasty marriage of Gertrude, feel friendly towards Horatio, despise Polonius, love and suspect Ophelia and fightt heduel with Laert es.In The Orphan of Zhao, we can imagine ourselves to be the hero Cheng Ying and feel his hesitation at the princess’ request of taking the orphan out of the court, his hatred for Tuan Ku when he declared to kill all the babies in the country to search for the orphan of Zhao, his agony to see his own son being killed and his final joy at Tuan Ku’s punishment. In one word , sympathy plays a great part in the enjoyment of tragedy, both the Shakespearean tragedy and the classical Chinese tragedy. 4. ConclusionHamlet has been studied by scholars from different countries with various ethnics in almost every possible aspects for a long time, so many people might hold the idea that Hamlet is a play which has been studied throughly. However, when Chinese students and readers study on Hamlet, they always find that it is difficult to understand because of the lack of culture background and language skill. If they were told that Hamlet has some similarities with Chinese culture, the study of Hamlet might be much easier. This is one reason for the author to study on Hamlet’s Chinese features.Another reason is that few scholars have studied on the Chinese features of Hamlet. On one hand, China has a 5000 years’ history which is profound and diversified, and the Chinese values have greatly influenced the world, so the importance of Chinese culture could not be ignored; on the other hand, China has its specific traditional thoughts of ethics and human natures, so some western scholars thought there were few similarities between Chinese traditional culture and western culture. Nevertheless, Chinese culture, just like the other cultures of the world, has many assosiations with western culture, including the classic literatures.The essay has concluded some Chinese fetures on Hamlet. It provides readers to have a more distinctive mind on the relationship between Shakespeare’s works and Chinese traditional culture, and more study on this topic w ill be done in the future. References [1]. â€Å"? † [J]. ,2010(3):83-86. [2]. [J]. ,2009(4):119-121. [3]. [J]. , 2008(6):80-82. [4]. [J]. , 2009(3):52-55. [5]. The Personality Determines Destiny——The Image Building Quesitions About Hamlet [J]. ,2010(1):199-201. [6].The Contradictory Sides of Hamlet’s Character[J]. ,2004(33):429-432. [7] David L. Hall. Thinking Through Confucius [M]. New York: Albany, 1987. [8]Arthur Kleinman. Normal and Abnormal Behavior in Chinese Culture [M]. Holland: Reidel, 1981. [9]Barbara Marshall Matthews. The Chinese Value Survey: An interpretation of value — scales and consideration of some preliminary results[J]. International Education Journal, 2000(1): 117-126. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to extend my heart-felt gratitude to all my teachers and professors who have lent me a help in the process of the completion of this thesis.I am especially indebted to Mrs Lu Junyan, my supervisor, who has provided me with information, advice, criticism and encouragement. My thesis couldn’t have come out without the countless instruction and patient guidance from my supervisor. His invaluable insights and hearty encouragement have enabled me to fulfill and improve the quality of my paper. Meanwhile, my appreciation also goes to my classmates and friends. They were always willing to give me assistance and encouragement whenever I sought help from them. Finally, I wish to thank my family for their unconditional support and encouragement through my undergraduate study.

Public relations process for Deltec Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Public relations process for Deltec - Essay Example The CEO has asked for a range of services from our agency including the advice for a major labor issue faced by the company in the recent past. A detailed analysis was made in this regard to help Delstar to come up with same market share as that of its male athletic equipments. The following paragraphs will discuss the issue in detail to find a way out and help Delstar to survive and succeed in the market. Our agency, therefore, suggest a range of efforts to be performed by Delstar to compete with other firms in the industry and to become a threat for them in the years to come. The company has to conduct a couple of researches in this regard. To start with, our agency advices Delstar to conduct a market research so as to know the pulses of the target group. The first and foremost task in the effort of marketing any product /service is to know whether there are consumers for the desired product/service in the market. So knowing about the market is advisable before thinking about the product and its features. Once the consumers' taste and preferences are well understood, the company can start thinking seriously about the product design and development. Because, our agency believes firmly in 'Prevention is better than Cure' policy in marketing. Market Research is the process of gathering data relating to the consumers, competitor and the market and use of such data for decision making and actions. A market Research is indispensable for Delstar not only because it is going to introduce a novel product to a new target group, but the competition from industry icons such as Reebok, Nike, and Adidas is quite stiff. The target group for the new product, Basketball sneakers, has already been fixed by the company and it is female market. It is co mposed of both basket ball players and those who are fascinated by the style of basket ball sneakers and players. Market Research Method The process by which the data from target group are collected and analyzed is known as Market Research Method. Delstar is advised to conduct a Qualitative Market Research as it involves the study about the market feasibility of a new product, and a focused group. The focused group for the study, as already stated, consists of female basket ball players and female teenagers and women who are fascinated by the style of sneakers and basket ball players. Data are collected from the focused group by means of personal interview with them. In the basket ball players segment, female players are approached with an Interview Schedule to gather data. In the second group, a sample survey was conducted among teenagers and women who like basket ball sneakers for daily use for easy and comfortable walking. The players were asked mainly about their views on the sneakers presently available and their expectations about the one which is like to be launched in the market. An interview schedule is to be prepared with logically arranged questions on consumers' needs and aspirations about the product. In addition to the interview with focused group, a one-on-one in-depth interview with a renowned basketball trainer is also prescribed for the company since it is likely to generate more authentic and reliable information. The survey among the non-players female group is conducted using Random Sampling Method wherein the opinion of respondents are more likely to be

A Relationship between Followers and Leaders Thesis

A Relationship between Followers and Leaders - Thesis Example Leadership is one of the most discussed topics in the contexts of scholarly domain, the work and organizational environment. Most authors have delved into research that is aimed at shedding light on the various leadership styles, basing their arguments on leadership theories that were earlier developed by scholars such as Conger and Kanungo, Weber, Bass and Lewin among others. Leadership in itself gives a sense of positive direction to the involvement of human resources and brings out the best from the employees thus meeting the organizational goals. Charismatic leadership, transformational leadership, autocratic leadership, and bureaucratic leadership are just but a few examples of leaderships that are applicable cross several organizations. Some leadership styles are rigid whereas some flexible to change of any sort that is inevitable in any organization.Demographic change makes leadership an aspect of critical necessity because the war of talents is getting harder than ever before . Most people are getting educated on leadership, making it necessary for the leaders to change their styles of leadership to those that are effective in meeting the organizational objectives. The best leadership style will not only be able to make a company or organizations realize its objectives but also change the face of the organization. Additionally there are also changes that are bound to take place in the organization

Why I chose funeral service as a career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Why I chose funeral service as a career - Essay Example A funeral service career provides an individual with an opportunity to engage in assistance of his fellow beings by providing them guidance and emotional support in a time when they need it the most. The loss of a close friend or a family member is a very difficult period and a funeral service career provides an opportunity to be of help to these people by comforting and soothing them. This career raises a person’s self confidence and it earns an individual respect in the society as well. A funeral service career requires the qualities of being sympathetic, considerate and caring. It is a career where an individual needs to feel the pain of others so that he can help them in the most appropriate way. I believe I possess all these qualities and I am more than willing to be of all help to my fellow beings. Therefore, funeral service is the best career option for

Acquisition Strategy Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Acquisition Strategy - Term Paper Example Each strategy forms a multidimensional construct, and any decision one dimension should account for decisions made in other dimensions. The implications of each dimension should be considered in other dimensions. The entry strategy should be considered a package of strategic decisions, and the design of entry strategy should consider location, timing, entry mode, human resources, marketing, logistics and other aspects of business. Acquisitions are large projects that serve to strengthen an investor’s market position. While implementing an acquisitions strategy the following steps are followed: market position to be attained is envisaged; one or more target firms are identified that could help attain the position; ways to acquire control over the sought resources at acceptable costs are determined; and a strategy is implemented over a period of several years to readjust to changes in the environment. The acquisitions strategy has been illustrated in the figure A-1. It includes decisions based on corporate strategy and the local environment. Specific areas of decisions include location; logistics; entry mode; HRM; timing; and marketing. Ingenico, a leading provider of POS terminals, acquired Easycash for a value of â‚ ¬290 million. Easycash (2010) offers customised card-based payment and loyalty solutions for customers, which include some of the leading German retailers. Easycash expanded its services with investment from Warbug Pincus with services to more than 82,000 merchant customers. The market position was strengthened through a combination of organic growth initiatives, and acquisitions including Experian Loyalty Solutions and Siemens card payment services. Easycash’s transaction volumes increased from 670 million to more than 1 billion in 2006, with values exceeding â‚ ¬55 billion. The number of employees increased from 190 to 350. The backing of Ingenico allowed the business to continue its expansion

Constitutional and Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Constitutional and Administrative Law - Essay Example Out of the three mentioned above the parliamentary sovereignty is the elementary principle which guides the action of the constitution. The root of the doctrine is in the political events of the late seventeenth century and the legal hypothesis propounded by Professor Dicey (Loveland, I, 2006, pp. 21-93.). The Parliament is a sovereign law creator and thus has the power to either make or unmake any law. According to Dicey (1885:39-40), â€Å"Parliamentary sovereignty means Parliament has the right to make or unmake any law whatever; and, further, that no person or body is recognized by the law of England as having a right to override or set aside the legislation of Parliament†(Turpin, C. & Tomkins, A, 2007, p.40). Thus this doctrine entails that there is no law which is higher than the Act of Parliament. The Human Rights Act 1998 contributed the European Rule on Human Rights into UK domestic law. Section 3 of the Act produces an informational responsibility for the courts. It calls for all Acts of Parliament to be understood in a manner which is well-suited with the Convention rights. The informational powers of the courts can change the meaning of legislation when the circumstances demand for it, even though it may be clear that such an intrepretation is against the intention of the legislature. In cases of discrepancy the courts are handed the opening to make a proclamation of repugnance (section 4 of the Act)( http://www.opsi.gov.uk/ACTS/acts1998/19980042.htm accessed on 13th August 2009..) The Human Rights Act 1998 also disputed the querry of whether it is reliable to the principle of Parliamentary sovereignty. Even if it is feasible for the parliament to revoke or alter the Act, it can certainly be said that parliament can not break out from the force which the public opinion o n Human Rights puts on it. According to Elliot "it will become much rarer for legislation to contradict human

History of Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of Mathematics - Essay Example With time there was the development of mathematical ideas that are in use today. The Greeks, the Chinese and Western people contributed greatly to the development of mathematical ideas that are in use today. Ideas such as connections, argumentation, number sense and computation, algebra, probability were all great ideas that are used today. These developments are as important as even the ten numerals that are used termed as the counting numbers, or the idea of considering â€Å"zero† an actual number. However, these concepts that were considered difficult in the previous days are not simple and this has been due to the fact that in recent days the way in which mathematics is taught makes the concepts easier2. These concepts and ideas were discovered through using the knowledge of the previous mathematicians that were often inherited from the earlier mathematicians who lived before them. In addition, the concepts were discovered through the use of the mathematical and numerical systems, and through the activities that their culture encouraged them to get involved in. While the present day students learn mathematics through books and teachers, theirs was the tedious way often trial and error played a part. The base ten systems in use today that had place values was the representation of the numerals that ranged from 0 to 9 that in most cases were used in combination to express real numbers. The early cultures that saw the rise of these mathematical ideas never used this system while in other countries there were different ways of writing the numbers. Some cultures allowed the use of â€Å"tallying† system when counting the numbers. The tallying included writing four vertical digits that were crossed by a diagonal line to show a group of five scores3. Other cultures had their own systems. For example the Roman numbers used today were used by the Romans. They used consecutive numbers that implied

The math behind the Pendulum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The math behind the Pendulum - Research Paper Example As the period of a pendulum is constant, pendulums were used to regulate the movement of clocks. Until the 1930’s pendulums were the most accurate time keeping devices of the world. In 1583, the Italian scientist Galileo first noted the constancy of a pendulum’s period by comparing the movement of a swinging chandelier in a Pisa cathedral with his pulse rate. He found that the time was not a function of how wide the chandelier swung. As the wind was blowing the chandelier, it was swinging different distances side to side or amplitudes. Galileo found that the pendulum swung more slowly. Over a shorter swing, the chandelier took just as many of his heartbeats to complete a swing with greater amplitude. Galileo made an error in the calculation of the angle of the chandelier. In 1656, the Dutch mathematician and scientist Christian Huygens invented a clock controlled by the motion of a pendulum (Huygens and the Pendulum, Princeton). The accuracy of mechanical clocks improve d in the span of a couple of decades in the early 17th century from plus or minus half an hour per day to one second per day. This quantum increase in accuracy of timing enabled previously unimagined degrees of precision measurement in mechanics, astronomy and other fields of study. Time then for the first time was expressed as an independent variable in the investigation of nature. For example, each of the following could be reliably investigated for the first time: The effect of force on objects over time The distance of fall over time The change of speed over time The radial movements of planets over time The progress of chemical reactions over time All these investigations required that the time could be accurately and reliably measured. Thus the pendulum held a very important place as a time keeping device. Competent time measurement was a requirement for modern science and the pendulum enabled this to happen (Story behind the science, Web). The pendulum played more than a scie ntific and technical role in the formation of the modern world. It also indirectly changed cultures and societies through its impact on navigation. Position on the Earth’s surface is given by latitude and longitude. A traveler sailing across the sea must know the coordinates of his present position as well the coordinates of his destination. Hence the knowledge of position was essential for reliable traveling and trading. Accurate time measurement was long seen as the solution to the problem of longitude determination which had vexed European maritime nations in their efforts to sail beyond Europe’s shores. Treasure fleets from Latin America, trading ships from the Far East were all getting lost and running out of food and water. The pendulum thus played a pivotal role in resolving the longitude problem and thus holds an important place in Physics as well as History. This thesis will focus on the interesting aspects about the period of a pendulum and its mathematical d erivation. According to Hooke’s law, the restoring force of a spring is directly proportional to its displacement. Fig 1: Physical representation of Hooke’s law The above figure shows a spring elongated through a length x. F is the force that wants to drive the spring back to equilibrium. By Hooke’s law, |F| ? |x| F = -kx where k is the spring constant measured in Newton/metre (N/m) Here, the negative sign represents that the direction of F is opposite to that of x. Moving further on, consider the case

Investigating the effects of mutation on active site amino acids of Lab Report

Investigating the effects of mutation on active site amino acids of beta-lactamase - Lab Report Example Using these two techniques it is possible to synthesize a protein that will bind any desired target. As recent studies suggest, it is possible to add random peptide sequences into loops of ?-lactamase subsequently establishing the catalytic properties of the produced ?-lactamase derivatives. The same authors highlighted the fact that there is no correlation between tolerance to insertion and tolerance to mutagenesis. A turn between two ?-strands next to the active site was found to be inactive in random mutagenesis but demonstrated the opposite in insertions. The present work consists of three elements. Initially it is creating a construct (cloning a mutated gene into an expression vector) ?-lactamase a. using traditional cloning methods (overlapping PCR for mutagenesis, digestion, ligation). Then move on to Protein- Prep- expressing and isolating mutated ?-lactamase a, transformation of construct into competent cells b and protein purification by GFC and IEC before, finally, move on to investigating the effects of mutation on the functionality of ?-lactamase a. Activity assay of mutants compared to those of the WT enzyme A Procedure Week 1: PCR- Primer Design/PCR Mutagenesis Two sterile 0.2 ml PCR tubes were loaded with 5 Â µL PFU buffer, 3 Â µL dNSO, 2.5 Â µL template, 0.5 Â µL PFU, 26.5 Â µL H2O each. Also, one tube was loaded with 5 Â µL Reverse Primer and 5 Â µL Forward Primer Mutant while the other was loaded with 5 Â µL Forward Primer and 5 Â µL Reverse Primer Mutant. 23 cycles of PCR were used to generate the required amount of the DNA sequence of interest. Denaturation, annealing, and elongation represent one cycle of PCR. The first minute of DNA generation was conducted at 950C the second at 500C. The temperature for the following three minutes was raised to 720C with subsequent 10 minutes of elongation at 720C before finally cooling down to 40C affording the crude product. Week 2: PCR Fragment Purification and Restriction Digest A. The crude product produced on the previous stage was loaded into the wells of 0.4 % agarose gel, the first run was conducted. All bends were cut and 330 Â µL QG buffer was added. The mixture was heat till the gel dissolved completely after that transferred to the column and span for 2 minutes. 500 Â µL QG buffer was added and spinning was continued for extra three minutes. 30 Â µL EB buffer was added to dissolve DNA and spinning was continued for 2 minutes. In this way DNA was pulled through. B. To generate the required amount of DNA PCR was conducted. Each of the two sterile 0.2 ml PCR tubes were loaded with 5 Â µL PFU buffer, 5 Â µL Forward Primers, 5 Â µL Reverse Primers, 2.5 Â µLdNTP, 0.5 Â µL pfu, Â µL H2O. Also, one tube was additionally loaded with 5 Â µL AB DNA (Forward mutant) while the other 5 Â µL CD DNA (reverse mutant). On the next day the first tube was loaded with DNA 30 Â µL, Eco R1 buffer 4 Â µL, Eco R1 - 1 Â µL, Hind III- 1 Â µL, H2O- 4 Â µL and the second w ith 4 Â µL vector, Eco R1 buffer 4 Â µL, Eco R1- 1 Â µL, Hind III- 1 Â µL, H2O- 4 Â µL. Both tubes were left at 370C overnight. Week 3: Restriction Fragment Purification/Ligation/Agar Plate Preparation The gel run was initiated following purification of the previously generated DNA samples. DNA concentration was measured and was found to be 5 Â µL into 500 Â µL. The following ligation was conducted. The ratio PCR/Vector was 3/1 Week 4: DNA Transformation/

The Long Road Ahead Essay Example for Free

The Long Road Ahead Essay Good afternoon , I am James Brady. Born and raised in Akron,Ohio for the past 25 years. I am currently attending The University of Akron for my Bachelors in the science of nursing. My life has taken many different roads when it comes to career choices. I graduated from Garfield high school in 2006 where I took the vocation of Heating Cooling and Air Conditioning. After highschool I attended Mount Union where I played offensive guard for the football team. While attending Mount Union i was enrolled in the Police Academy, but unfortunate event happened. I took a cheap shot to the knee during a football game and was unable to continue playing. Along with losing my ability to play football, I also lost my first career choice. I decided to come back home to Akron and have my knee fixed. After knee surgery and rehab I got a job working at Goodyear as a chemical operator. Being 19 years old making good money i believed i was living my definition of the Dream. That dream of mine ended abruptly two years later when Goodyear had big layoffs. Being stuck without a job and a mortage payment, I began to reasse my life at this point. While sitting at the Drs office for a check up on my knee I started a conversation with a paramedic about possibly pursueing a career as a medic. The paramedic politely pushed me into becoming a nurse explaining to me all the different types of oppurtunitys there are in the nursing field. After a lot of conteplating, I decided to attend Akron School of Practical Nursing. ASPN was a 9 month accelerated LPN program , where I graduated with Honors and the class president. Shortly after school I got a job working at the Medina County Juvenile Detention Center as a nurse. Recieving my LPN license was just a stepping stone in my career path of becoming a BSN. After graduating from LPN school I started at the University of Akron where I was able to skip the waiting list and get right into the nursing program without a wait due to already having my nursing licenses as an LPN. So after the long road i have traveled since high school i am currently here today working at juvenile detention center, going to school full time and raising my son.

College Scholarship Essay Example for Free

College Scholarship Essay Hi, my name is Stacey Burrell and I currently attending Boston Arts Academy as a Junior theatre major. I believe its never too early to start looking at colleges and scholarships. My schools of interest include Juilliard, Colombia, and Dartmouth. I am not the first in my family to go to college but I am apart of the first generation. My parents are from Jamaica and never fully completed their education. Ive always had to make the most of financial aid and luck. My parents are definitely not rich but weve always found ways to pay for what we need. My sister just enrolled at Cornell University almost entirely through financial aid and merit based scholarships. I feel as though I deserve this scholarship because my grades definitely reflect how important education is to me. I plan to major in Theatre Arts and minor in Education. See more: how to write a winning scholarship essay Theatre has always been a huge part of my life. My goal for the future is to teach youth how.important theatre is. It can tell stories that help people connect to one another. I also deserve this scholarship to prove to myself that I can actually achieve my dreams. I always set the bar high for myself as you can see in my choice of colleges; its always hard having an older sibling.and being compared to them all the time. This scholarship will just be one step closer to my dream of going to college and following in my sisters footsteps. This essay might not stand out to you because I know there are people out there with sickness and disease. Im in good health and I have a supportive family. All I have to prove that I deserve this scholarship are my grades and my determination to go to college.

Concept of Homeostasis

Concept of Homeostasis Explain the Concept of Homeostasis (P5) The main concept of homeostasis is to maintain a constant environment inside the body. It does this by controlling certain systems throughout the body, keeping it at the normal environment. Although external influences can have a negative impact on this environment, homeostasis will then make the body react to these influences by correcting it back to the norm level; this is known as negative feedback. Negative feedback is how homeostasis keeps these systems throughout our body in balance. The process of negative feedback is when receptors in the body detects when something is off balance or wrong, this then triggers the receptors to send a message to the effectors in the body. Effectors then cause a reaction in the body to restore the balance back to the normal environment. Although the receptors will keep sending these signals to the effectors until the balance is completely restored back to normal. That’s why it is called negative feedback as it’s something negative happening to the body. Homeostasis constantly maintains the environment of four main systems throughout the body, these systems are: Heart Rate Breathing Rate Body Temperature Blood Sugar Levels Heart Rate The circulatory system is made up of blood vessels, such as arteries and arterioles; these vessels takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the thin-walled capillaries which is where exchange of oxygen and nutrients takes place and vessels known as venues and veins return the now deoxygenated blood back to the heart, this is an ongoing cycle. Nutrient molecules then leave the capillaries to be taken up by the cells, and waste molecules are transferred off by the cells and then are received by the capillaries to be taken away. Capillaries thrive in all parts of the body; blood is composed into two parts: formed elements and plasma. All of the produced elements donate to homeostasis; Oxygen is consumed throughout cellular respiration, this is a process that provides energy for metabolic activities. The body fights infection to keep the body unharmed and prevents it from giving way to diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. Plasma, too, donates to homeostasis. The nutrients required an d the wastes given off by cells are carried in plasma. Nutrients then leave the plasma through the capillaries and wastes enter the plasma at the capillaries. Breathing Rate When the body breathes in air, oxygen is inhaled into the alveoli of the lungs this is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Blood inside the pulmonary artery is oxygen-poor and holds a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. As blood passes through the capillaries close to the alveoli, oxygen is diffused into the blood and carbon dioxide then diffuses out of blood into the alveoli. Then after, carbon dioxide is exhaled by moving from the alveoli to the nose. As the blood within the pulmonary vein is oxygen-rich and holds a lower concentration of carbon dioxide, it is clear that carbon dioxide has been exported for oxygen as blood passes through the lungs. The respiratory centre, found in the medulla; which repeatedly releases nerve impulses to the diaphragm and the muscles of the rib cage. In its relaxed state, the diaphragm is dome-shaped, but upon stimulation, it contracts and lowers. Also the rib cage moves upward and outward, therefore the thoracic cavity increases in size and air pressure within the expanded lungs lowers and is instantly rebalanced by air rushing in through the nose. When the respiratory centre stops sending out stimulatory nerve impulses, the diaphragm and rib cage return to their original positions and exhalation occurs. There are chemoreceptor’s next to the respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata that are quickly responsive to the carbon dioxide content of the blood, and chemoreceptor’s in aorta and carotid arteries that are responsive to both the carbon dioxide content and the pH of the blood. When the carbon dioxide concentration rises or when the pH lowers the respiratory centre is stimulated and the breathing rate increases. Body Temperature The body is able to maintain a normal body temperature of 37Â ° C even if the external temperature ranges between 16Â ° C and 54Â ° C. The metabolic activity of cells is the heating system of the body because cellular reactions give off heat as a side-effect. When the body is resting, body heat is produced mainly by the heart, liver, brain, and endocrine glands but when the muscles are active they produce many times the heat produced by these organs. Therefore, increased muscle activity, such as by rubbing hands or stamping feet are used as a short-term measure to raise body temperature. On a long-term cause, the hormone thyroxin is produced by the thyroid gland stimulates cells to a higher metabolic rate. An expecting is that the persons living in a cold climate will have a higher metabolic rate than those who live in a reasonable climate. The regulatory centre for body temperature, found in the hypothalamus, is responsive to temperature changes within the arterial where blood is flowing. Depending on the body temperature, the regulatory centre produces the adaptive responses, and body temperature then increases or decreases. The body cools when blood vessels near the skin are dilated and the warm blood passing through them this loses heat to the atmosphere by radiation. Sweating also cools the body because as it evaporates, the body loses heat. If body temperature falls too low, the body will begin to shivering. Shivering requires nerve impulses to be sent to the skeletal muscles. In cold temperatures, people wear clothing which traps an insulating layer of warm air next to the body to recompense for a lack of body hair. In warm temperatures, clothing is worn to protect the body against the burning rays of the sun, but such clothing should be loose so that heat may still be lost by radiation. Blood Sugar Levels Glucose is an important substance in the body as it is the main source of energy for all natural functions and is in fact the only form of energy which can be used by the brain and central nervous system. The level of blood glucose in the body is important, as if blood glucose levels drop or rise dramatically there may be serious consequences such as hypo- or hyperglycaemia which can both cause death. Therefore it is necessary for blood glucose levels to be regulated and this is achieved through homeostasis. To work effectively homeostasis has an effective receptor that detects this. If the levels are too high the receptors would send a signal to the pancreas to control the concentration of the glucose in the blood. The pancreas would then produce a hormone called insulin, which causes the glucose to be transport from the blood into the cells. This lowers the concentration of glucose in the blood if it becomes too high. This process usually happens after we eat a meal that is rich in carbohydrate such as, sweets, rice, pasta, bread or potatoes. Bibliography GCSE Bitesize (2011) Homeostasis [Online] Available on: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/homeo/homeostasis1.shtml Accessed on 23/03/15 Biology Innovation.co.uk (2011) Homeostasis [Online] Available on:http://www.biology-innovation.co.uk/pages/human-biology/homeostasis/ Accessed on 23/03/15

Top Deck - The Magazine for Collectible Card Gamers :: Analysis Magazine Cards Essays

Top Deck - The Magazine for Collectible Card Gamers As a potential reader examines a shelf of magazines to buy, the reader will look for an eye-catching magazine that pertains to his or her interests. The magazine Top Deck targets an audience which ranges from pre-teenagers to mid-thirties readers who share interests such as collectible card games, RPG's (or roleplaying games), and fantasy related items. Although the main focus of the magazine is collectible card games, Top Deck attempts to also appeal to the other interests of collectible card gamers. Top Deck experiments with the layout of a normal magazine by expanding it and separating the magazine into two parts. One part of the magazine spotlights the trading card game Pokemon and the other has a majority of articles on the card game Magic: The Gathering. Depending on which portion of the magazine the reader is currently viewing, the other side of Top Deck is upside-down. Most readers would find this design strange and hard to read, but the readers of Top Deck seem to like the design. The design shows imagination and creativity, and these qualities are almost universal among collectible card gamers. It takes a good imagination to play with cards that neither talk nor move and alot of creativity to design a deck of Magic or Pokemon cards. Another thing that makes Top Deck so interesting to its audience is the sarcastic tone of writing that laces the sentences like arsenic. An article contained in the section called Top Disc, on E3 (Electronic Entertainment Expo) previews computer and console games that will be released for the rest of this year and possibly next year (35-45). The article is sometimes humorous to read as it tries to sum up entire games in a few sentences. When reviewing the game Quake III: Arena, Cory Herndon explains: "Point. Shoot. Die. Repeat." (35) Obviously, this is an over-simplistic comment, but it parallels the sarcastic tone of the magazine. The readers of Top Deck enjoy this style of writing because the readers themselves are sarcastic. Society today has been so serious about everything that sometimes it is refreshing to read something so totally causal and carefree. In the department called Box 707, Top Deck stretches sarcasm and humor to the limit (10*). This section is a letter section in which readers write in and someone from the magazine answers these letters. The letters are then printed within the Box 707 section of Top Deck.

The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye Essay -- Catcher

The Metamorphosis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚  Ã‚   Without love and guidance, young people often find themselves lost; unsure of what direction their lives are headed. Such is the case with Holden Caulfield, a character from the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger. Holden is a sixteen-year old boy who has lost his way. Hold has suffered a great loss, the death of his Brother, Allie.       Holden is trying to reconcile his emotions since Allie's death. While dealing with their own grief, Holden's parents have neglected his needs and have therefore not addressed this with him. Holden goes searching for answers and companionship since his parents are emotionally unavailable. This story takes up with Holden on in search to all the wrong places to find these things. After a fight with his roommate at Pencey Prep School, Holden goes to Ackly's room. He strikes up some very superficial conversation and then asks if Ackly wants to play a game of cards. Ackly declines. Asking "Do you know what time it is, by any chance?"(pg.42) Holden is aware of the time but is desperate for a friend. Holden presses father asking if he could spend the night in Ackly's room. Ackly once again denied Holden's request    With that, Holden let's Ackly go back to sleep and lays alone with his thoughts, "I t was depressing out in the street. You couldn't even hear any cars anymore. I got feeling so lonesome and rotten. I even felt like waking Ackly up."(pg.50) At this point Holden decides that he is going to run away for a few days before he has to go home. On the train going into the city, Holden meets up with Mrs. Morrow. He finds her very attractive. An interesting point here is that he te... ...about the carousel."(pg.213) It started pouring rain but Holden wasn't bothered, he " felt so damned happy."(pg.213) At that point Holden was able to say goodbye to Allie and let go of his grief. Holden returns home with Phoebe, and his family get him some help. He'll be back to school in the fall and this time he's ready to put in an effort.    Sources Consulted    Davis, Robert Con, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 56. Detroit: Gail Research Inc., 1989.   Marsden, Malcolm M. Ed. If You Really Want to Know: A "Catcher" Casebook.   Chicago: Scott, Foresman, 2002.   68-73. Internet Public Library. "Salinger Literary Criticism Collection.".Dec 2001.17 April 2002.<http://www.ipl.org/cgi- bin/ref/litcrit/litcrit.out.pl?ti=cat-202>. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1951      

PI :: essays research papers

π is the mysterious number that most people think is merely 3.14. π is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. π has been calculated to 206,158,430,000 digits, which was accomplished by Yasumasa Kanada and Daisuke Takahashi from the University of Tokyo in September of 1999. On the other hand, there were the Babylonians and Hebrews who lived and died, believing that π was simply 3. Evidence from the Rhind papyrus shows that the Egyptians knew 3.16, but implied in their Great Pyramid is the even better value 3.14. Much like the Babylonians, the early Hindus and Chinese accepted 3. Archimedes led the Greeks to believe that the limits of π were 3.141< π

Natural disaster case study

There were many problems but the main issue was in the following: The Decision making In both incidents was not rational Lack of planning for unexpected problems, although as mentioned In the two cases weather problems can be predicted approximately, so a solid plan should have been made. Problem Justification Although Roomer's decision is a legal and rational decision from his point of view, yet it was not an ethical one and it was biased.His decision was utilitarian it was meant for the greater good for the company not taking into consideration the rights of the customers and he didn't care which affected the image of his company in the media, this will eventually lead to decrease in the revenues for the upcoming years as the company have lost its image. Same goes for Melanin, his company was not prepared for a predictable environmental factor although they claim to be the best in customer service among all the other companies.They didn't only fail in managing the crisis when happe ned which is a failure and a lack of planning but also their reaction after the problem was not rational. In spite of the negative feedback they achieved they didn't try to make It up and apologize, they offered a refund which more people though weekending, Melanin Insisted that they didn't make a mistake that they should recover which again defiantly affected the goodwill of the company and cost him his job.Suggested Alternatives Nationwide First Alternative For Nationwide, they could have called for Press conference with all the media and admit that they won't be able to provide everyone with all their money as this way they would bankrupted, instead they would work on helping their customers based on the severity of their case giving priority for those who suffered total loss. Evaluation of this solution: Pros: This way Nationwide will help Improve their Image which will assure a better relation with customer and thus more revenues In the future Cons: Nationwide will suffer from a short term financial crisis.Second Alternative Nationwide would pay the full insurance amount of money to those who agree on signing a long-term contract with Nationwide. Evaluation of this solution: Pros: This will help the families damaged from the hurricane and will guarantee Nationwide a steady Income on a long period of time Cons: This Solution will cost Nationwide a lot of money which will put them In a serious financial risk.Third Alternative For Nationwide, after the damage have happened they could have Issued a press release explaining why they had to take these actions and offering help to the homes, they could do so by partnering with a furniture provider who would be interested in reliving the damaged families also. Evaluation of this solution: Pros: this attempt will show Nationwide trials to help the society which will help their image of Nationwide however with a lower cost.Cons: Nationwide will try to fix the problem by paying money along with another company which will decrease the cost, ND help in repairing the damage done for their image Recommendation: I would go with the first alternative, as it will lead to a win-win situation for most of the customers in addition to Nationwide. It will also help in fixing the damage done to the goodwill of the company.Stubble Stubble, should organize a press conference showing their sincere apology and compassion to the pain their passenger had to endure as result of this unexpected event and announcing their plan to avoid these incidents in the future Evaluation of this solution: Pros: This way the company will save its image and goodwill which will assure a teeter relation with customer without having to endure a financial crisis Cons: Some customers may not accept the apology asking for compensations.Second Alternative Stubble should send a personalized apology to each person who was trapped on their planes accompanied with an incentive of free miles to be used in the next year. Pros: Stubble this w ay will gain the respect of their customers saving their goodwill, and ensuring that a percentage of them will use them during the next year which leads too profit for them. Cons: It will be a financial liability on the company for the short period of time, having to distribute all the free miles.Third Alternative Full refund to the passengers who were affected, with a press conference explaining the reasons behind the problem and the procedures taken to avoid it in the future. Pros: This way will help Stubble to protect their reputation, and retain their customers. Cons: refunding all the passengers will be a financial burden. Recommendation I would go with the second alternative, as it will help in the damage control for the reputation of the company with a guarantee that at least a percentage of them will be using their services in the next year, with a minimal amount of money invested in this process.

What can be gained by engaging in comparative education studies

It is in the very genius of logical activity to do comparings. compar world poweriness is a simple dole come to the fore of opinion procedure which en able-bodieds us to do palpate of the gentlemans and our experience of it. Indeed, it washbowl be said that merely by doing comparings fanny we decently affirm our put in on most inquiries of eventance which requires the devising of the judgements. comparison ca social functions us to do acresments to the consequence that angiotensin-converting enzyme thing is intellectu entirelyy or virtuously likered to or to a greater extent reas whizzd or cleanse than the few some early(a), and this andt joint be clearly exposed in the culture force subject, where the quest for snap offment for making things best is ever obliging.In a earth which is chiefly foc utilise on unabated planetary scotch disceptation and go beliefs in the cardinal function of information as the beginning of possible advant climb on, author itiess shake up buy the farm progressively haunted with the global rankings of calcu posthumousd educational results. Educational form _or_ formation of government is progressively driven by sight efforts to copy the sensed advantage associated with the educational schemes and techniques of opposite introduces.Margret Brown argues that documenting pick come outs in luxuriously-scoring pleads that ante up estimates for alteration be actu eachy of import ( as cited in Broadfoot 2000, p.361 ) . It would be at least as of import to hand unwrap why similar under takings devote non been successful in other res publicas. ( Shorrocks-Taylor & A Jenkins 2000, p.16 )It is alpha to measure any suggested patterns from one state to another. Teachers and the cosmopolitan public convey to be informed nearly the jobs of seting something absorbed into pattern and reform concepts from other states to our own(prenominal) system.The increase inter subject ara enormo usness of a insurance discourse of get winding in singing to stuffy educational establishments much(prenominal) as trailing days and universities, reflects the contemporary apprehension of the deduction of the knowledge parliamentary procedure ( Broadfoot 2000, p.358 ) It is of colossal possible and inevitableness for the only population to be capable and foxn up to take advantage of the natural method actings for accessing in the raw cognition that information and colloquys applied science is doing available. This similarly reflects the undecomposed crack acknowledgment that learning is non tantamount with learning. Today s turning concern is womb-to-tomb acquireing which is strongly expound in a recent European Commission study The Treasure inwardly . ( Broadfoot 2000, p.358 )Different billet of relative mastery by diametrical bookmansAntoine Jullien de Paris in 1817 axiom pro plentyal desktop level class teaching as an analytic reexamine of commission in all states with a strength to hone discipline teaching systems with version and alterations from which form _or_ system of government executers put forward borrow thoughts to implement in their own- earth ( labour 2007, p.1 ) .In Hans position the public-service corporation of proportional degree phylogeny was that type of culture which tumbles relative jurisprudence, relative literature or relative phase in order to foreground the differences in the forces and beginnings that create the differences in the educational systems ( C.S. Oni 2005, p.244 ) .Lewis approached the publishing of comparative information in footings of an Island formation. Lewis assert that, no state is an island that each is a portion of the introduction hence, no educational system any beam in the reality is deserving anything unless(prenominal) it is comparable to some other systems in the human race. ( Quoted from C.S. Oni 2005, p.244 ) . relative dictation for Blis hen is the arm of educational theory that has to make with analysing and construing the educational patterns and policies in un corresponding states and civilization ( C.S. Oni 2005, p. 244 ) .Le Thanh Khoi desired that comparative control is a multidisciplinary expanse when he said that it is non purely a subject, but a field of tidy sum covering all the subjects which serve to regard and explicate focussing ( quoted from squeeze 2007, p. 35 ) .In add-on to larning about other people and civilizations, comparative assertion similarly answers the headland clobberer to cognize about oneself. As George Bereday puts it It is self-knowledge Born of the thought of others that is the finest lesson comparative education bear afford. ( Quoted from Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p. 11 ) .With the sweetening of patriotism and the increasing brilliance of the state states in the beginning of the ordinal century comparative breeding was pushed in front. The aim was to larn utile lessons from strange states, particularly refering management systems. This cont personaled a truly colonialist position of the western societies on the opposed states. School systems were tick offn as a resourcefulness of modern educational thoughts, which could be borrowed to better the own(prenominal) give instruction system. relative instruction transferred itself from extremely pure description degree to a more sophisticated abbreviation. With the rhytidoplasty of the societal scientific disciplines in the fifties the historical vista became undistinguished. Alternatively comparative instruction was introduced as a real scientific discipline by utilizing statistical techniques and more quantitative methods. The chief round off was structural functionalism.The solves of comparative instructionThe purposes of comparative instruction ar to indicate educational systems, procedures, and stoping merchandises both(prenominal) sec hot as to help in the develo pment of educational establishments and patterns. It excessively highlights the bloods among instruction and high society and establishes generalized statements about instruction that is effectual in more than one state. Comparative instruction besides deepens our apprehension of our instruction and society it can be of great assistance to insurance shapers and decision makers and can be of great plus in the instruction of teachers ( Bray 2007, p.15 ) . Comparative interrogation besides helps us understand better our ain yesteryear turn up ourselves more precisely in the be and see more clearly what our educational hereafter may be. Comparative instruction gives the inquiry player the tycoon to depict what might be the effect of certain classs of political and scotchal action, by aspect at experience in a scope of states. From the theories mentioned supra extracted from incompatible bookmans, we can see that comparative instruction facilitates the enquiry employe rs to larn from the achievement and mistakes that other states puddle do in the procedure of scarper outing similar educational jobs. The focal aim of comparative take after in instruction is the aggregation and classification of information, some(prenominal) descriptive and quantitative.As Sadler stated in one of his burbles delivered in 1900In analyzing contrasted systems of instruction we should non bury that the things removed the grooms matter even more than the things deep down the school, and govern and construe the things indoors. We can non furl at pleasance among the instruction systems of the universe, like a kid sauntering done a garden, and picking flowers from one shrub and some foliages from another, and so anticipate that if we stick what we rescue gathitherd into the dirt at place, we shall shoot a life works. A guinea pig instruction system of instruction is a living thing, the result of disregarded battles and of conflicts yen ago . It has in i t some of the privy workings of guinea pig life. ( Quoted from Philips in black lovage et. Al 1999, p.19 ) .On comparabilityThe comparative instruction question doer should prompt far from the known to see the unfamiliar to make the familiar strange , in order to broader the rules, geographic and epistemic position ( Broadfoot 2000, p.363 ) .When comparing in instruction question workers atomic number 18 introduce forthing a assortment of descriptive and informative informations which differ from micro to macro comparative informations synopsis, leting us to see assorted patterns and processs in a really broad scene that helps us to throw light upon them ( seedless raisin as cited in Borg 2009, p.21 ) .While less substantial states have a joust to step at more developed states to larn from them, more developed states camp down to look at states that argon on the same economic and educational degree to do cross-national comparings. Examples of this argon figure of states that looked at USA as their theoretical account. Switzerland in mid-1990 apart from looking up to USA, it besides hired the Statesn advisers to develop a reform bundle for schools ( Steiner- Khamsi 2002, p.76 as cited in Bray 2007, p.18 ) . On the other script, America learned besides from other states ( Levin 2010, p.96 in www.kappanmagazine.org ) like East Asia, ( Bray 2007, p.21-22 ) where the US section of instruction made an intensive keep up of Nipponese instruction and came out with 12 rules of good patterns. Educators and policy shapers went to Finland, which is the top- get alonging state in the freshman three only of amm social unitions of PISA, in order to make pass the notice to education success to accomplish high Markss in PISA. Private companies like cisco and McKinsey, argon publishing studies on the role of instruction around the universe.Comparisons across p be translate information about feeler or diminution over the honest-to-god ages like comp aring the antithetical periods in the history of instruction. These comparings though are contain in the nature of the mention groups or standards used that is they are normally trammel to school systems similar to those being evaluated. When policy shapers look at the yesteryear to larn for the hereafter as the British policy shapers used to make in 1980 s to do comparings with their ain yesteryear quite than with other states. Some eons the ground to comparison with the predecessors is to see how the society has developed every catch good as to larn from the errors that were done in the yesteryear ( Bray 2007, p.23, Bradburn & A Gilford 1990, p.2 ) .Comparisons with other vicinities or mingled with unpolisheds, provincials and parts compare similar topical anaesthetic anesthetic educational systems within the same nation, or with those in other responsiblenesss or the state as a whole. Comparisons with other body politics or the state as a whole have the advantage of comparing in the midst of educational systems that are loosely similar. They provide information on peculiar state s degree of proceeding in instruction to the much broader country of the universe s instruction system ( Bradburn & A Gilford 1990, p.2 ) .Example of such comparing is the comparing amidst the instruction systems of Hong Kong ( Bray 2007, p.131 ) or the instruction systems of Macao ( Bray 2007, p.134 ) . When comparing the research worker has to place the countries states or topographic points, and can non be generalised. As Le Than Khoi ( in Sultana as cited in Borg 2009, p.16 ) gave the exemplar of the Mediterranean. There are excessively numerous differences in the part that we call the Mediterranean to do it the object of comparative crumbles. nicety is an of import factor when comparing topographic points. An illustration of this is the consequence that Finland got in the PISA in 2002 compared to other topographic points which was based on the use upin g competencies. Finland achieved good as it has centuries of ethnic tradition that long promoted the knowledge ability ( Bray 2007, p.167 ) .A comparative instruction research worker m centenarianiness taste non to be prejudiced either on political, national, spiritual, racial, gender or ideological facets. It is important that the paradigms used are relevant to all geographic countries and states that are included in the survey. Differences in the midst of inter and intra-national research show challenges in comparative research that mustiness be recognized. Such differences are often terms important resource of ethnical pas seul ( Bradburn & A Gilford ( 1990 ) , p.21 ) .The part of developing states in external surveies adds information to the development of local research efficacy and besides exserts the sampling of take parting states. Third-world engagement develops brotherhood South duologues every bit good as East- West linkages as it serves as a good beginning f or construction trust and co-operation ( Bradburn & A Gilford ( 1990 ) , p.22 ) .As the economic sector is increasing its value and the magnificence of h senioring a sound instruction system, the concern and industry sector may confer with comparative educational surveies in their world-wide planning. Textbook publishing houses, developers of educational package and other educational bargainers use comparative instruction to categorise the demands and markets for overb obsolete merchandises. So the inquiry raised is In whose pastimes do the instruction system and determinations taken, work? ( My talk notes ) .Though comparings in instruction are of great benefit at that place are besides who is sceptic and critic about it. There is the belief amongst these that comparative research allow for take to a homogeneous-world invade to education that impede decorous attending to each state s alone history, civilization, and people. ( Bray 2007, p.178 ) . This thought devolves from experiences with international establishments that forced economic policies that had negative do in less-developed states. It is critical for policy shapers to sustain in head that non all the methods of any state can or should be put into pattern in other states. ( Lavin 2010, p.96 in www.kappanmagazine.org, Stromquist 2002, p.87 )It is of import that insiders and impertinenters work collaboratively in order to research and development work that is more sensitive to local, societal buildings of world. ( Crossley 2002, p.82 )Education research undertakings and organisationsAs planetary economic competition additions, additions besides the beliefs in the instruction as the beginning of fringy advantage, authoritiess have become progressively haunted with the international rankings of measured educational results. However the bailiwick and trespass of originator on the educational establishments narrate sort in society to another. It is passing game of import more th an of all time as the determination devising in instruction is altering well. The chief histrions are no longer those most bear upon by instruction like the bookmans, parents and the instructors but instead private bureaus and international pecuniary establishments ( Stromquist 2002, p.87 ) . transnational bureaus compare forms and consequences in divers(prenominal) states in order to better the advice that they give to national authoritiess and policy shapers. The UNESCO, World slang and OECD are amongst international bureaus each underscoring their ain purposes changing from teaching method, course of study, economic and fiscal affairs, which play an of import portion in the instruction sphere. Their purpose is to help states in planing and implementing successful policies to turn to the challenges that the educational systems are confronting. They besides create strategies for advance womb-to-tomb acquisition in relation with other socio-economic policies ( Bray 2007, p. 31 ) . unused thoughts gained from international surveies such as PISA, TIMMS and vision -Lang can be tried to see if they will better the instruction system and to understand why the public manifestation of schoolchilds in assorted states differs ( Shorrocks-Taylor & A Jenkins 2000 ) .Since the late 1950 s with the initiation of the International connector for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement ( IEA ) such big graduated table comparative surveies have taken on sizeable significance in instruction. From the get drink the IEA has been committed to analyzing larning in the basic school topics and to carry oning on a fixing footing study of educational accomplishment. everywhere tweet, these outcome informations have been progressively colligate to analyses of the effects of course of study and school organisation upon larning and the relationship between accomplishment and student attitudes ( Shorrocks- Taylor 2000, p.14 ) .There are different methods on how to mens urate the comparative facet which differs from theoretical grounded surveies intended to construct or prove complex theoretical accounts of educational systems to descriptive surveies whose intent is to supervise different characteristics of educational systems, patterns and results. The intent of theoretically oriented surveies is chiefly to analyze relationships among variables and expression for everyday accounts. It is designed to analyze links between school accomplishment and such features as course of study, learning methods, family outlooks and have degrees. These highlight the degree of differences between schools or categories every bit good as on differences between pupils as the unit of epitome. ( Bradburn & A Gilford 1990, p.5 )Belatedly, the intensification of international competition, spurred on by globalisation, neo-liberalism and marketizing, has major deductions for cross-national surveies of educational accomplishment, for those engaged in or covering with the powerful play of national and international conference tabular arraies, and for the theoretical models that we employ in our analyses. If the relief of research is progressively linked to moneymaking(prenominal) involvements, for illustration, the potency for critical theory, or for leap out cultural positions to act upon the building of new cognition, may be progressively challenged. Questions of power and whose cognition counts? , in the procedure of development arise, possibly, more strongly than of all time before ( mention from my talk notes ) .As Sultana stated, comparative instruction should travel further than the concern with comparing like with similar ( Sultana as cited in Borg 2009, p.9 ) . It focuses more on happening a peculiar point from where educational and cogitate societal phenomenon can be seen from different positions make a deeper apprehension of the kineticss as good come up with new thoughts. Comparative instruction provides penetrations on hig h instruction, educational invention, teacher instruction, power and instruction researches each imparting the experience of the research worker s state, or the state or the states that research worker has study and came together in order to portion these issues in debating Sessionss.Comparative instruction and globalisationIn a globalise universe, schools have come under greater national question sing the ways they can lead to or detain a national advancement. Claxton ( 1998 ) has described the rapidly-changing times we are populating as the Age of Uncertainty in which it is inconceivable to foretell the responsibility and form of the universe in few old ages clip ( as cited in Broadfoot 2000, p. 358 ) .The educational universe today invades systems which may finally turn out to be a transition in what is to be taught, to whom and how, since, as Edmund fairy implies, all its established systems were developed for a universe that no longer exists ( quoted in Broadfoot p.26 7 ) .Accountability and educational transmutation move up oppugning on the instruction procedure itself. The heightened involvement in and concern over instruction has encouraged educators to re-evaluate in the visible shaft of light of new planetary worlds, the intent of schooling, the unuttered in theories about the relationship between instruction and development and oppugning about pedagogue professionalism. ( Watson as cited in Crossley 2002, p.81 )The ways in which pedagogues in different states view these issues and the schemes engaged to turn to them must be mum in the visible radiation of different cultural, societal and political place setting in each state. By sing the educational issue from the position of devil several(a) states the research worker can place factor that might be confounded when sing the issue within the context of ain state entirely. If the research country is related to researcher s ain cultural environment, it is non ever easy to hatch it s particular features. The authority may look excessively apprehensible and non-problematic. A tip can non see that it is populating in water ( quoted in hypertext transfer protocol //www2.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/172.htm ) . six-fold cultural positions believing and analytic models from a multiplicity of adherent the research would provision an international context every bit good as tools for opening position to heighten the manner of seeing instruction.Critical thought on Comparative instructionComparative instruction and the critical position taking that comparative enquiry, assist the research worker to travel into a deeper analysis of the relationship among society, development, instruction and the function that citizens either dandy or indirectly play in the instruction procedure. Through the development of comparative thought accomplishments research workers should be able to set about analyses of their place civilizations and systems with a more apprehension of the as sorted cultural factors at drama. Comparative instruction encourages twain research workers and pedagogues to inquire inquiries like What sort of educational policies, planning and instruction are appropriate and for what sort of society? The field of comparative instruction focuses attending on what might be appropriate and strange policy while encourage ken of doctrines underlying educational policies and encourages interdisciplinary review. ( Klein 1990, 1996, Epstein 1983 as cited in Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p.7 ) .Comparative instruction is good and necessary non merely for bookmans and policy shapers but for instruction practicians every bit good. As Gutek said, instructors function in twain dimensions as citizens of peculiar nation-states, they foster pupils national indistinguishability and second as citizens of a planetary society, they recognize that possibilities of worlds growing and menaces to human endurance traveling beyond national boundaries ( Gutek 1993 as cited in Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p.251 ) . Teachers must larn to look at other tantamount schoolway and school patterns end-to-end the universe. As Stake ( 1978 ) said we comply that people per se pursue the general by looking at the particular. Peoples make sense out of the new fortunes they encounter by comparing that particulars to the existence that includes their ain frames of mention. We have named the procedure of executing cross-cultural probe and so deducing penetrations from these probes the accomplishments of comparative position pickings ( quoted in Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p.252 ) .Schools are compared with spheres which constitute tenseness and combination of forces. In order to understand and command such status, involves critical accomplishments and the ability to understand the political underlining of societal and educational fortunes ( Kaplan 1991 as cited in Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p. 252 ) . These sorts of critical thought can advance critical inquiries like What is the purpose of schooling? What are the just instruction and who decides? What is the appropriate balance between educator authorization and answerability? What factors reinforce or hinder teacher professionalism? ( Quoted from Kubow & A Fossum 2003, p. 252 ) .The field of comparative instruction continues to specify its individuality and significance in the new thought about instruction, society, colonialism and development. Ideas from post-foundational thought, post-modernism, post-structuralism and post-colonialism, are of great importance in comparative research because they recognize with common metanarratives of advancement, modernness, laterality and subordination that in that respect have been the fulcrum of the chief thoughts in comparative instruction. ( Mehta & A Ninnes 2003, p.238 ) , Crossley 2002, p.82 ) .Examples of Case surveiesCase study 1 Comparison literacyThe utility of comparative instruction is seen in the figure of different instance surveies. An i llustration of a instance survey is Literacy accomplishments in Maltese-English bilinguistic kids by Rachael Xuereb ( 2009 ) .The survey examines the reading and phonologic consciousness accomplishments in English and Maltese of kids whose effeminate parent lingua is Maltese and 2nd linguistic converse English. A example of 50 typically developing Maltese kids aging between 8 old ages 0 months to 10 old ages 5 months was chosen to take part in this survey. The kids acquired Maltese as a first linguistic communication within the household and subsequently acquired English as a 2nd linguistic communication through Kindergarten and/or the early school old ages.The participants in this survey attend a church school situated in the south-western portion of the island. Since kids star traveling to school at the age of 5 old ages, the kids have been larning to read in Maltese and besides in English.For the intent of this survey, Maltese reading and reading-related rills were created to parallel the UK and US similar appraisals. All the kids sat for the novel trials and the standardise trials. Harmonizing to the consequences found by Xuereb, Maltese kids read better in Maltese than in English, which is the linguistic communication of manner in most of the topics.Each kid was well-tried on the undermentioned steps in two linguistic communications password and non word reading, non word repeat, spelling, sectioning talking to and non words elision, rapid naming of letters, Numberss and colorss, frontward remembering for figures.Increasing research has addressed this issue for bilingual pupils, in relationship to whether phonological consciousness in the first linguistic communication predicts phonological consciousness in the 2nd linguistic communication ( Quiroga, Lemos-Britton, Mostafapour, Abbott & A Berninger, 2002 ) . Studies comparing first linguistic communication and 2nd linguistic communication decrypting accomplishments in readers of different w riting systems suggest that these accomplishments are positively correlated and that champion differences in the development of these accomplishments can be predicted on the footing of underlying cognitive and lingual abilities such as phonological accomplishments, memory, orthographic cognition and velocity of processing ( Geva & A Wade-Woolley, 1998 as cited in Xuereb 2009, p.331 ) .This survey aimed to happen reply for how do Maltese-English bilingual kids perform on reading and phonological undertakings and to put forward whether anterior findings of cross-language transportation from first linguistic communication phonological consciousness to reading or to 2nd linguistic communication phonological consciousness be replicated in this sample of Maltese-speaking pupils.Case study 2 Comparing the function of gender and age on pupils perceptual experiences towards on-line(a) instruction.This survey conducted by Fahme Dabaj, and Havva BaAYak, was conducted in order to inquiry a nd analyse the perceptual experiences and attitudes of the pupils to online distance instruction by agencies of electronic mail and the World massive Web as the method of presenting direction through online sheepskin plans offered by Sakarya University in Turkey with regard to their age and gender. The research was based on a questionnaire as a mean of informations aggregation method.The findings of the analysis explained that although the pupils registered to the on-line plan by will, they election was for the traditional face-to-face instruction cod to the trouble of the gestural communicating, their deficiency of ability in utilizing the engineering required, and their belief in traditional face-to face larning more than on-line instruction.The research methodological analysis of this survey used the quantitative statistical methods and techniques such as significance differences, correlativity and the cross-tabulation statistical distribution to happen out if there is a impor tant relationship between the self-directed and the dependent variable inquiries, mensurating the function of age and gender of pupils towards their perceptual experiences sing conflicting instruction. The quantitative information was collected by study questionnaire and was analyzed via quantitative statistical methods. All the pupils enrolled in the distance instruction plans and the online classs in the autumn term of the 2005/2006 schoolman Year took portion in the research. lecture gender, the consequences proofed that the female pupils have a better consciousness of the on-line instruction contrasting to the male pupils. Sing age, the consequences showed that the sure-enough(a) the pupils penchant moves towards go toing face-to face categories.Case study 3 Comparison different finesse methodological analysiss.I besides attempted to do a little comparative survey in which I compared artistic creation methodological analysis adopted in a country school compared with that adopted by the Verdala International School. The Verdala International is a co-ed international school in which foreign pupils resident in Malta can go to. The cheat section in this school in based on two Art Programs the IG which is tantamount to O degree test and the IB which is tantamount to the A degree test.My research was aimed at conveying out the difference in instructors and pupils attack towards the topic. The first difference which I pointed out was the degree of organisation in the province school s Art room in comparing with the organized topsy-turvydom that ruled in the Verdala International. Both instructors retort to my remarks about the Art room environment was that it reflects the methodological analysis they adopt towards the topic. Art lessons in the province school are more structured pupils have to see regulations which hinder them from utilizing their imaginativeness freely. In both schools the lessons where introduced in the same mode there was a batch of instructor talk with the instructor orchestrating the whole thing. The kids were merely asked to take part when the instructor asked them for suggestions.The two lessons differed in the manner they developed while in the province school, the pupils followed the traditional method by copying the instructor s illustrations from the whiteboard and were really limited in experimentation, at Vedala international the pupils were much freer to experiment and be yeasty. The ground was that although the Art course of study of both schools are really similar, the methodological analysis adopted is different. The instructor at the province school believes that in order to dissolve the regulations in Art foremost the pupil has to larn them by utilizing the traditional method by copying.While Art lessons at the province school are more exams oriented, although at Verdala International they do hold an terminal of twelvemonth trial, the focal point is more on assisting pupils deve lop originative thoughts. During my observation Sessionss at the province school, which were carried out in the beginning of November, the instructor consistently reminded the pupils about the test. On the other manus at Verdala International the concluding trial was neer mentioned.At the Verdala International I besides tried to compare Maltese pupils who have been to a province school and are now go toing Verdala International with foreign pupils who had been go toing to Art categories in their ain states are now at Verdala. The purpose of such comparing was to place pupils positions of the methodological analysiss used for the instruction of Art in Malta and abroad. The foreign pupils interviewed were from Italy, USA, Sweden, Ger some(prenominal), Russia and England. From the response tending(p) it resulted that the conservative Art methodological analysis used in Maltese province schools is really similar to that in Russia and in the early old ages of the in-between school in G ermany.Lessons at Verdala International are more similar to those in Italy where the pupils are active participants and able to take determinations on what they should make. While in province schools every lesson planned out by the instructor following the course of study that is to be covered, at Verdala International the lesson is in the signifier of a group treatment. Each pupil decides on a subject that he/she would wish work on and the instructor will ease his acquisition. This manner, different pupils might be working on different undertakings unlike in province schools where everyone would be making the same thing. Maltese pupils prefer more the methodological analysis used at the Verdala International than the Art methodological analysis used in the province school.The research methodological analysis of this survey consisted of observation Sessionss, interviews with pupils both on single bases and in groups, and interviews with four instructors ( one at Verdala Internationa l and 3 at province school ) . The figure of pupils that took portion in this survey was 45 pupils ( 22 at Verdala International and 23 at province school ) .DecisionThe comparative instruction country is composed by what research workers hold about its nature, beginnings, intents, hereafters, by the truths people support and by the battle over what made true comparative instruction ( Mehta & A Ninnes 2003, p.240 ) .The significance in analyzing this country utilizing keen-witted truth, the working and foreign systems of instruction will ensue in our better fitted to analyze and understand our ain piece helps to widen and intensify our apprehension of the universe it is a manner to progress our entire capacity to believe.As postulated by Sadler If we study foreign systems of instruction exhaustively and sympathetically-and understanding and thoroughness are both necessary for the task- I believe that the consequence on our heads will be to do us value as we have neer prized b efore the good things which we have at place and besides do us recognize how many things there are in our ain instruction systems which need pmt and seeking alteration. ( Quoted from Bray 2007 pp. 37-38 ) .